Document Detail


Organophosphate skin decontamination using immobilized enzymes.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  10421484     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
We previously demonstrated that a combination of cholinesterase (ChE) pre-treatment with an oxime is an effective measure against soman and sarin. We describe here a novel approach for the preparation of covalently linked ChEs which are immobilized to a polyurethane matrix. Such preparation of ChE-sponges enhances the stability and usefulness of the enzymes in non-physiological environments. The ChE-sponges, which can be molded to any form, can effectively be used to remove and decontaminate organophosphates (OPs) from surfaces, biological (skin or wounds) or otherwise (clothing or sensitive medical equipment), or the environment. The ChE-sponges retained their catalytic activity under conditions of temperature, time, and drying where the native soluble enzyme would rapidly denature, and can be reused in conjunction with oximes many times. The ChE-sponge in the presence of oxime repeatedly detoxified OPs such as DFP or MEPQ. These developments in ChE technology have extended the applicability of OP scavengers from in vivo protection, to a variety of external detoxification and decontamination schemes. In addition to treatment of OP-contaminated soldiers, the ChE-sponge could protect medical personnel from secondary contamination while attending chemical casualties, and civilians exposed to pesticides or highly toxic nerve agents such as sarin.
Authors:
R K Gordon; S R Feaster; A J Russell; K E LeJeune; D M Maxwell; D E Lenz; M Ross; B P Doctor
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Chemico-biological interactions     Volume:  119-120     ISSN:  0009-2797     ISO Abbreviation:  Chem. Biol. Interact.     Publication Date:  1999 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1999-08-19     Completed Date:  1999-08-19     Revised Date:  2004-11-17    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0227276     Medline TA:  Chem Biol Interact     Country:  IRELAND    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  463-70     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Division of Biochemistry, Washington, DC 20307, USA. gordonr@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Cholinesterase Inhibitors / toxicity*
Cholinesterase Reactivators / administration & dosage,  pharmacology
Cholinesterases / metabolism*,  pharmacology
Decontamination / methods*
Enzyme Stability
Enzymes, Immobilized / administration & dosage,  metabolism*,  pharmacology
Humans
Kinetics
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Oximes / administration & dosage,  pharmacology
Phosphoric Acid Esters / toxicity*
Polyurethanes / administration & dosage
Pyridinium Compounds / administration & dosage,  pharmacology
Skin / drug effects*,  enzymology
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Cholinesterase Inhibitors; 0/Cholinesterase Reactivators; 0/Enzymes, Immobilized; 0/Oximes; 0/Phosphoric Acid Esters; 0/Polyurethanes; 0/Pyridinium Compounds; 34433-31-3/HI 6; EC 3.1.1.8/Cholinesterases

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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