| On the Organizing Role of Nonmuscular Forces During Performance of a Giant Circle in Gymnastics. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21975422 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Five elite gymnasts performed giant circles on the high bar under different conditions of loading (without and with 6-kg loads attached to the shoulders, waist or ankles). Comparing the gymnasts' kinematic pattern of movement with that of a triple-pendulum moving under the sole influence of non-muscular forces revealed qualitative similarities, including the adoption of an arched position during the downswing and a piked position during the upswing. The structuring role of non-muscular forces in the organization of movement was further reinforced by the results of an inverse dynamics analysis, assessing the contributions of gravitational, inertial and muscular components to the net joint torques. Adding loads at the level of the shoulders, waist or ankles systematically influenced movement kinematics and net joint torques. However, with the loads attached at the level of the shoulders or waist, the load-induced changes in gravitational and inertial torques provided the required increase in net joint torque, thereby allowing the muscular torques to remain unchanged. With the loads attached at the level of the ankles, this was no longer the case and the gymnasts increased the muscular torques at the shoulder and hip joints. Together, these results demonstrate that expert gymnasts skillfully exploit the operative non-muscular forces, employing muscle force only in the capacity of complementary forces needed to succeed the task. |
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Authors:
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Violaine Sevrez; Guillaume Rao; Eric Berton; Reinoud J Bootsma |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-10-4 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of applied biomechanics Volume: - ISSN: 1065-8483 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-10-6 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9315240 Medline TA: J Appl Biomech Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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UMR 6233 ISM Marey, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille Cedex 9, France. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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