| Optimizing performance of the offspring: Nourishing and managing the dam and post-natal calf for optimal lactation, reproduction, and immunity. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21926322 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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For several mammalian species, it has been shown that fetal and early post-natal nutrition has a role in long-term lipid and glucose metabolism of the offspring, and it thus also may have consequences on milk yield in the dairy cow. For instance, high-energy diets during the last weeks of pregnancy may result in elevated glycemia, which in turn, may alter fetal adipose tissue development. However, most research efforts on management and nutrition of dry cows have focused on minimizing metabolic disorders of the post-partum cow without devoting much attention to potential consequences for the offspring. Similarly, nutritional needs for proper placental development and early fetal growth have received little attention, despite the fact that alterations in placental and fetal development may alter expression of genes participating in homeorhesis of the offspring. Therefore, nutrition of the pregnant cow, both while lactating and dry, should also consider aspects of placental and fetal development that may affect health and performance of the progeny. Similarly, newborn calves and young heifers are fed to ensure a particular growth target without compromising mammary development, although data linking post-natal growth targets with future milk yield are scarce. However, milk yield not only depends on mammary development, but also on nutrient partitioning, which is regulated by the endocrine milieu. There are some periods of time during development where nutrition may have long-lasting effects on metabolic function and milk production. For instance, the first months of post-natal life seem to be critical, because recent data from both retrospective and controlled studies indicate that elevated growth rate or plane of nutrition during this phase is positively associated with future milk production. Post-natal growth rate depends on nutrition (a necessary but not sufficient condition) and management (i.e., grouping strategies and housing systems), and thus optimal rearing programs should be designed considering long-term consequences on milk yield. |
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Authors:
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Alex Bach |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-9-16 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of animal science Volume: - ISSN: 1525-3163 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-9-19 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8003002 Medline TA: J Anim Sci Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Ruminant Production, Institute for Research and Technology in Agrifood (IRTA), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, and Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08007 Barcelona, Spain. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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