| Occurrence and removal of fungicides in municipal sewage treatment plant. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19942349 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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This work reports the occurrence and the removal of widely used fungicides, in municipal sewage treatment plant receiving combined sewage discharges and operating with primary (mechanical), secondary (activated sludge) and tertiary (sand filtration and chlorination) treatments that are commonly applied in Greece. Target analytes included compounds belonging to triazoles and anilino-pyrimidines. Analytical determination in wastewaters and river water samples was carried out by means of solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography equipped with flame thermionic and mass spectrometric detection. The fungicides tebuconazole and cyproconazole were more frequently detected in influent and effluent samples at concentrations up to 1893 and 1735 ng L(-1), respectively. Effluent concentrations were below 691.1 ng L(-1) recorded for tebuconazole. With the exception of triadimefon, all the azole fungicides and pyrimethanil showed relatively low removal efficiencies after secondary and tertiary treatments. Mean removal rates of the fungicides after secondary treatment ranged between 31% for pyrimethanil and 65% for triadimefon. Mean overall removal efficiencies after tertiary treatment ranged between 46% for pyrimethanil and 93% for triadimefon. The findings demonstrate that significant levels of fungicides enter river waterways and that only some of these compounds are being reduced in low levels by municipal wastewater treatment processes. |
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Authors:
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N Stamatis; D Hela; I Konstantinou |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2009-10-30 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of hazardous materials Volume: 175 ISSN: 1873-3336 ISO Abbreviation: J. Hazard. Mater. Publication Date: 2010 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-02-01 Completed Date: 2010-04-29 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9422688 Medline TA: J Hazard Mater Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 829-35 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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(c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Ioannina, Seferi 2, GR 30100, Agrinio, Greece. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Chromatography, Gas
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methods Environmental Monitoring / methods Fungicides, Industrial / analysis*, isolation & purification* Greece Industrial Waste Mass Spectrometry / methods Quality Control Rivers / chemistry Sewage / chemistry* Triazoles / chemistry Waste Disposal, Fluid / methods Water / chemistry Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis Water Purification / methods* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Fungicides, Industrial; 0/Industrial Waste; 0/Sewage; 0/Triazoles; 0/Water Pollutants, Chemical; 107534-96-3/tebuconazole; 43121-43-3/triadimefon; 7732-18-5/Water |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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