Document Detail


Occurrence of cocaine in urine of substance-abuse treatment patients.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  9847008     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
As part of ongoing research efforts to improve methods of monitoring drug use in treatment patients, the presence of cocaine in urine specimens was evaluated as a possible marker for recent illicit cocaine use. A total of 2327 urine specimens collected during a 17-week clinical trial of a cocaine-abuse treatment study were tested. Cocaine was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and benzoylecgonine (BZE) equivalents were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). More than one-third of the specimens were positive (> 25 ng/mL) for cocaine (36.8%), and nearly two-thirds were positive (> 300 ng/mL) for cocaine metabolite by FPIA (62.7%). Median concentrations of cocaine and BZE equivalents were 235 and 14,900 ng/mL, respectively, and maximum concentrations were 112,025 and 1,101,190 ng/mL in cocaine- and BZE-positive specimens, respectively. There were 52 specimens that contained cocaine in equal or higher concentrations than BZE equivalents. No significant differences in cocaine or BZE concentrations between Caucasian and African-American or between male and female patients were found. Cocaine was present less frequently and at lower concentrations than BZE but more frequently than expected based on an average half-life of approximately 1 h, which suggests that cocaine may exhibit a longer terminal half-life and/or that accumulation of cocaine can occur in chronic, heavy users.
Authors:
K L Preston; B A Goldberger; E J Cone
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of analytical toxicology     Volume:  22     ISSN:  0146-4760     ISO Abbreviation:  J Anal Toxicol     Publication Date:    1998 Nov-Dec
Date Detail:
Created Date:  1999-03-24     Completed Date:  1999-03-24     Revised Date:  2006-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7705085     Medline TA:  J Anal Toxicol     Country:  UNITED STATES    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  580-6     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adolescent
Adult
African Americans
Aged
Cocaine / urine*
European Continental Ancestry Group
Female
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Sex Factors
Substance Abuse Detection
Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
Substance-Related Disorders / urine*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
50-36-2/Cocaine

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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