| Occurrence of Cleft-Palate and Alteration of Tgf-β(3) Expression and the Mechanisms Leading to Palatal Fusion in Mice following Dietary Folic-Acid Deficiency. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21293104 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Folic acid (FA) is essential for numerous bodily functions. Its decrease during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations in the progeny. The relationship between FA deficiency and the appearance of cleft palate (CP) is controversial, and little information exists on a possible effect of FA on palate development. We investigated the effect of a 2-8 weeks' induced FA deficiency in female mice on the development of CP in their progeny as well as the mechanisms leading to palatal fusion, i.e. cell proliferation, cell death, and palatal-shelf adhesion and fusion. We showed that an 8 weeks' maternal FA deficiency caused complete CP in the fetuses although a 2 weeks' maternal FA deficiency was enough to alter all the mechanisms analyzed. Since transforming growth factor-β(3) (TGF-β(3)) is crucial for palatal fusion and since most of the mechanisms impaired by FA deficiency were also observed in the palates of Tgf-β(3)null mutant mice, we investigated the presence of TGF-β(3) mRNA, its protein and phospho-SMAD2 in FA-deficient (FAD) mouse palates. Our results evidenced a large reduction in Tgf-β(3) expression in palates of embryos of dams fed an FAD diet for 8 weeks; Tgf-β(3) expression was less reduced in palates of embryos of dams fed an FAD diet for 2 weeks. Addition of TGF-β(3) to palatal-shelf cultures of embryos of dams fed an FAD diet for 2 weeks normalized all the altered mechanisms. Thus, an insufficient folate status may be a risk factor for the development of CP in mice, and exogenous TGF-β(3) compensates this deficit in vitro. |
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Authors:
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Estela Maldonado; Jorge Murillo; Carmen Barrio; Aurora Del Río; Juliana Pérez-Miguelsanz; Yamila López-Gordillo; Teresa Partearroyo; Irene Paradas; Carmen Maestro; Elena Martínez-Sanz; Gregorio Varela-Moreiras; Concepción Martínez-Álvarez |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-2-02 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cells, tissues, organs Volume: - ISSN: 1422-6421 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-2-4 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100883360 Medline TA: Cells Tissues Organs Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel. |
Affiliation:
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Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humana I, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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