| Obesity and adipokines: effects on sympathetic overactivity. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22351630 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Excess body weight is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, increasing the risk of hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, recognized as the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ by producing various signalling cytokines called adipokines (including leptin, free fatty acids, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, angiotensinogen and adiponectin). A chronic dysregulation of certain adipokines can have deleterious effects on insulin signalling. Chronic sympathetic overactivity is also known to be present in central obesity, and recent findings demonstrate the consequence of an elevated sympathetic outflow to organs such as the heart, kidneys and blood vessels. Chronic sympathetic nervous system overactivity can also contribute to a further decline of insulin sensitivity, creating a vicious cycle that may contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome and hypertension. The cause of this overactivity is not clear, but may be driven by certain adipokines. The purpose of this review is to summarize how obesity, notably central or visceral as observed in the metabolic syndrome, leads to adipokine expression contributing to changes in insulin sensitivity and overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Authors:
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Michael M Smith; Christopher T Minson |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review Date: 2012-02-20 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of physiology Volume: 590 ISSN: 1469-7793 ISO Abbreviation: J. Physiol. (Lond.) Publication Date: 2012 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-04-25 Completed Date: 2012-11-07 Revised Date: 2013-05-20 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0266262 Medline TA: J Physiol Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1787-801 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1240, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adipokines
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metabolism* Animals Humans Insulin Resistance / physiology Metabolic Syndrome X / metabolism Obesity / metabolism* Sympathetic Nervous System / metabolism* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HL081671/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Adipokines |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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