| Nutritional strategies for promoting fat utilization and delaying the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 9232557 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Carbohydrate ingestion before and during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue (reduced power output). Therefore, endurance athletes are recommended to ingest diets high in carbohydrate (70% of total energy) during competition and training. However, increasing the availability of plasma free fatty acids has been shown to slow the rate of muscle and liver glycogen depletion by promoting the utilization of fat. Ingested fat, in the form of long-chain (C16-22) triacylglycerols, is largely unavailable during acute exercise, but medium-chain (C8-10) triacylglycerols are rapidly absorbed and oxidized. We have shown that the ingestion of medium-chain triacylglycerols in combination with carbohydrate spares muscle carbohydrate stores during 2 h of submaximal (< 70% VO2 peak) cycling exercise, and improves 40 km time-trial performance. These data suggest that by combining carbohydrate and medium-chain triacylglycerols as a pre-exercise supplement and as a nutritional supplement during exercise, fat oxidation will be enhanced, and endogenous carbohydrate will be spared. We have also examined the chronic metabolic adaptations and effects on substrate utilization and endurance performance when athletes ingest a diet that is high in fat (> 70% by energy). Dietary fat adaptation for a period of at least 2-4 weeks has resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in resistance to fatigue during prolonged, low- to moderate-intensity cycling (< 70% VO2 peak). Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that mean cycling 20 km time-trial performance following prolonged submaximal exercise is enhanced by 80 s after dietary fat adaptation and 3 days of carbohydrate loading. Thus the relative contribution of fuel substrate to prolonged endurance activity may be modified by training, pre-exercise feeding, habitual diet, or by artificially altering the hormonal milieu or the availability of circulating fuels. The time course and dose-response of these effects on maximizing the oxidative contribution of fat for exercise metabolism and in exercise performance have not been systematically studied during moderate- to high-intensity exercise in humans. |
| | |
Authors:
|
E V Lambert; J A Hawley; J Goedecke; T D Noakes; S C Dennis |
Related Documents
:
|
1861487 - Physical activity and lean body mass loss following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 22139897 - Exercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with cirrhosis. 21646067 - Cardio-respiratory exercise testing early after the use of the angio-seal system for ar... 21828157 - Choroidal blood flow response to isometric exercise in glaucoma patients and patients w... 16838187 - Modelling of aerobic and anaerobic energy production in middle-distance running. 9741737 - Quantitative assessment of myocardial 99mtc-sestamibi uptake during exercise: usefulnes... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Journal of sports sciences Volume: 15 ISSN: 0264-0414 ISO Abbreviation: J Sports Sci Publication Date: 1997 Jun |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 1997-09-09 Completed Date: 1997-09-09 Revised Date: 2004-11-17 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 8405364 Medline TA: J Sports Sci Country: ENGLAND |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 315-24 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
MRC/UCT Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, University of Cape Town Medical School, Sports Science, Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Adipose Tissue
/
metabolism* Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage, metabolism* Dietary Fats / administration & dosage, metabolism* Exercise / physiology* Fatigue / prevention & control* Fatty Acids / metabolism Glycogen / metabolism Humans Oxidation-Reduction Physical Endurance / physiology* Triglycerides / metabolism |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Dietary Carbohydrates; 0/Dietary Fats; 0/Fatty Acids; 0/Triglycerides; 9005-79-2/Glycogen |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Nutritional strategies to minimize fatigue during prolonged exercise: fluid, electrolyte and energy ...
Next Document: Training techniques to improve fatigue resistance and enhance endurance performance.