| Nutritional factors and vertical transmission of HIV-1. Epidemiology and potential mechanisms. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 11131740 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Transmission of HIV from mothers to children may occur through the transplacental, intrapartum, or breastfeeding routes. Adequate nutritional status may reduce vertical transmission by affecting several maternal or fetal and child risk factors for transmission including enhancing systemic immune function in the mother or fetus/child; reducing the rate of clinical, immunological, or virological progression in the mother; reducing viral load or the risk of viral shedding in lower genital secretions or breast milk; reducing the risks of low birth weight or prematurity; or by maintaining the integrity of the fetus/child gastrointestinal integrity. In prospective observational studies, low plasma vitamin A levels were associated with higher risks of vertical transmission. However, findings from randomized, controlled trials suggest that supplements of vitamin A or other vitamins are unlikely to have an effect on vertical transmission during pregnancy or the intrapartum period. The effect of other nutrient supplements, such as zinc and selenium, is unknown. Similarly, whether nutrition supplements of mothers during the breastfeeding period has an effect on transmission is unknown. The potential benefits of direct supplementation of children born to HIV-infected women on transmission of HIV, as well as on the risk and severity of childhood infections and mortality, are also important to examine. |
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Authors:
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W Fawzi |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Volume: 918 ISSN: 0077-8923 ISO Abbreviation: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. Publication Date: 2000 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2000-12-21 Completed Date: 2001-01-11 Revised Date: 2008-11-21 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7506858 Medline TA: Ann N Y Acad Sci Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 99-114 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. mina@hsph.harvard.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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epidemiology*,
transmission Breast Feeding Female HIV Infections / epidemiology*, transmission HIV-1 Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / statistics & numerical data* Micronutrients Nutritional Status* Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious* Virus Shedding |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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D43 TW00004/TW/FIC NIH HHS; R01 32257//PHS HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Micronutrients |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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