| Nutrient supplementation approaches in the treatment of ADHD. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19344299 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric illness that often co-occurs with other common psychiatric problems. Although empirical evidence supports pharmacological and behavioral treatments, side effects, concerns regarding safety and fears about long-term use all contribute to families searching for alternative methods of treating the symptoms of ADHD. This review presents the published evidence on supplementation, including single ingredients (e.g., minerals, vitamins, amino acids and essential fatty acids), botanicals and multi-ingredient formulas in the treatment of ADHD symptoms. In most cases, evidence is sparse, mixed and lacking information. Of those supplements where we found published studies, the evidence is best for zinc (two positive randomized, controlled trials); there is mixed evidence for carnitine, pycnogenol and essential fatty acids, and more research is needed before drawing conclusions about vitamins, magnesium, iron, SAM-e, tryptophan and Ginkgo biloba with ginseng. To date, there is no evidence to support the use of St John's wort, tyrosine or phenylalanine in the treatment of ADHD symptoms. Multi-ingredient approaches are an intriguing yet under-researched area; we discuss the benefits of this approach considering the heterogeneous nature of ADHD. |
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Authors:
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Julia J Rucklidge; Jeanette Johnstone; Bonnie J Kaplan |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Expert review of neurotherapeutics Volume: 9 ISSN: 1744-8360 ISO Abbreviation: Expert Rev Neurother Publication Date: 2009 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-04-06 Completed Date: 2009-06-25 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101129944 Medline TA: Expert Rev Neurother Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 461-76 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. julia.rucklidge@canterbury.ac.nz |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acids
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therapeutic use Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diet therapy* Complementary Therapies / methods* Dietary Supplements* Fatty Acids, Essential / therapeutic use Humans Minerals / therapeutic use Vitamins / therapeutic use |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amino Acids; 0/Fatty Acids, Essential; 0/Minerals; 0/Vitamins |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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