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Normalization of cholesterol homeostasis by 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in neurons and glia from Niemann-Pick C1-deficient mice.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22277650     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene that result in an accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/L) and impaired export of cholesterol from LE/L to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent studies demonstrate that administration of cyclodextrin (CD) to Npc1-/- mice eliminates cholesterol sequestration in LE/L of many tissues including the brain, delays neurodegeneration, and increases life-span of the mice. We have now investigated cholesterol homeostasis in NPC1-deficient cells of the brain in response to CD. Primary cultures of neurons and glial cells from Npc1-/- mice were incubated for 24 h with 0.1 to 10 mM CD after which survival and cholesterol homeostasis were monitored. Although 10 mM CD was profoundly neurotoxic, and altered astrocyte morphology, 0.1 and 1 mM CD were not toxic but effectively mobilized stored cholesterol from the LE/L as indicated by filipin staining. However, 0.1 and 1 mM CD altered cholesterol homeostasis in opposite directions. The data suggest that 0.1 mM CD releases cholesterol trapped in LE/L of neurons and astrocytes and increases cholesterol availability at the ER, whereas 1 mM CD primarily extracts cholesterol from the plasma membrane and reduces ER cholesterol. These studies in Npc1-/- neurons and astrocytes establish a dose of CD (0.1 mM) that would likely be beneficial in NPC disease. The findings are timely because treatment of NPC disease patients with CD is currently being initiated.
Authors:
Kyle B Peake; Jean E Vance
Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2012-1-25
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of biological chemistry     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1083-351X     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2012 Jan 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2012-1-26     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985121R     Medline TA:  J Biol Chem     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Affiliation:
University of Alberta, Canada.
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