| Nitrogen excretion at different stages of growth and its association with production traits in growing pigs. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22178856 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The objectives of this study were to determine nitrogen loss at different stages of growth and during the entire growing period, and to investigate the associations between nitrogen excretion and production traits in growing pigs. Data from 315 pigs of an F(2) population which originated from crossing Pietrain sires with a commercial dam line were used. Nitrogen retention was derived from protein retention as measured using the deuterium dilution technique during different stages of growth (60 to 90 kg, 90 to 120 kg and 120 to 140 kg). Pigs were fed ad libitum with two pelleted diets containing 17% (60 to 90 kg) and 16.5% (90 to 120 and 120 to 140 kg) CP. Average daily nitrogen excretion (ADNE) within each stage of growth was calculated based on the accumulated difference between average daily nitrogen intake (ADNI) and average daily nitrogen retention (ADNR). Lowest ADNE, nitrogen excretion per weight gain (NEWG) and total nitrogen excretion (TNE) were observed during growth from 60 to 90 kg. In contrast, the greatest ADNE, NEWG and TNE were found during growth from 120 to 140 kg. Statistical analyses indicated that gender, housing type, the ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene and batch influenced nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05), but the degree and direction of influences differed between growth stages. Gender differences showed that gilts excreted less nitrogen than barrows (P < 0.05), which was associated with lower feed conversion ratio (FCR; Feed:gain) and lipid:protein gain ratio. Single-housed pigs showed lower nitrogen excretion compared to group-housed pigs (P < 0.05). In comparison to other genotypes, pigs carrying genotype NN (homozygous normal) at the RYR1 locus had the lowest nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05) at all stages of growth except from 60 to 90 kg. The residual correlations indicated that NEWG and TNE have large positive correlations with FCR (r = 0.99 and 0.91, respectively) and moderate negative correlations with ADG (r = -0.53 and -0.48, respectively), for the entire growing period. Improvement in FCR, increase in ADG and reduction in lipid:protein gain ratio by one phenotypic standard deviation reduced TNE per pig by 709 g, 307 g and 211 g, respectively, over the entire growing period. The results indicate that nitrogen excretion changes substantially during growth and it can be reduced most effectively by improvement of feed efficiency and to a lesser extent through the improvement of weight gain and/or body composition. |
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Authors:
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M Shirali; A Doeschl-Wilson; P W Knap; C Duthie; E Kanis; J A M van Arendonk; R Roehe |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-12-16 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of animal science Volume: - ISSN: 1525-3163 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-19 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8003002 Medline TA: J Anim Sci Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Sustainable Livestock Systems Group, SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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