| Nitrate in public water supplies and risk of bladder cancer. | |
MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 12606884 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Nitrate is a precursor compound in the formation of N-nitroso compounds, most of which are potent animal carcinogens. N-nitroso compounds and their precursors have not been extensively evaluated as bladder cancer risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study of bladder cancer in Iowa. Cases were men and women newly diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1986-1989. Nitrate data for Iowa public water supplies were sparse before the 1960s. To reduce misclassification by unknown nitrate levels, we included only those who used public supplies with nitrate data for 70% or more of their person-years since 1960 (808 cases, 1259 controls). RESULTS: Among controls, the median average nitrate level for their Iowa residences with public water supplies was 1.3 mg/liter nitrate-nitrogen (interquartile range = 0.6-3.0). After adjustment for confounders, we found no increased risk of bladder cancer with increasing average nitrate levels in drinking water; the highest quartile odds ratio for women was 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.8), and for men 0.5 (0.4-0.8). We observed no association among those with high water nitrate exposure (>median) and low (<median) vitamin C intake compared with those who had low water nitrate and high vitamin C intake. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that long-term exposure to nitrate in drinking water at levels in this study (90th percentile 5.5 mg/liter nitrate-nitrogen) is not associated with risk of bladder cancer. |
Authors:
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Mary H Ward; Kenneth P Cantor; David Riley; Shannon Merkle; Charles F Lynch |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) Volume: 14 ISSN: 1044-3983 ISO Abbreviation: Epidemiology Publication Date: 2003 Mar |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2003-02-27 Completed Date: 2003-06-10 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9009644 Medline TA: Epidemiology Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 183-90 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Occupational Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA. wardm@mail.nih.gov |
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Case-Control Studies Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Environmental Exposure / adverse effects Female Humans Interviews as Topic Iowa / epidemiology Logistic Models Male Middle Aged Nitrates / adverse effects, analysis* Questionnaires Risk Factors Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / chemically induced, epidemiology* Water Pollutants, Chemical / adverse effects, analysis* Water Supply* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Nitrates; 0/Water Pollutants, Chemical |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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