| Neutralization of Latrodectus mactans and L. hesperus venom by redback spider (L. hasseltii) antivenom. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 11407496 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of L. hasseltii (redback spider) antivenom in neutralizing the lethal effects of L. hesperus and L. mactans (North American black widow) venoms. METHODS: LD50 values for the L. hesperus and L. mactans venom preparations were determined. A prospective, randomized, double-blind antivenom efficacy experiment was then performed for each venom using a mouse envenomation model. The following treatments were premixed and incubated at 25 degrees C for 1 hour prior to intraperitoneal injection: 1) saline control + protein control, 2) saline control + L. hasseltii antivenom, 3) L. hesperus or L. mactans venom + protein control, and 4) L. hesperus or L. mactans venom + L. hasseltii antivenom. The study endpoints were time elapsed until death and survival at 24 hours. RESULTS: The mouse LD50 values for L. hesperus and L. mactans venoms were 0.64 mg/kg and 0.26 mg/kg, respectively. In the efficacy trial, all mice in group 3 (L. hesperus or L. mactans venom and protein control) died. In both experiments, all mice in group 4 (L. hesperus or L. mactans venom + antivenom) survived (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to derive mouse LD50 values for L. hesperus and L. mactans venom obtained by electrical stimulation of live adult spiders. Redback spider antivenom is effective in neutralizing the lethal effects of L. hesperus and L. mactans venoms in a mouse envenomation model. While this study is limited by the optimized premixing of antigen with antibody, it generates the hypothesis that redback antivenom would be effective in the treatment of latrodectism in humans caused by the two clinically relevant species of North American widow spiders. |
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Authors:
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F F Daly; R E Hill; G M Bogdan; R C Dart |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology Volume: 39 ISSN: 0731-3810 ISO Abbreviation: J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. Publication Date: 2001 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2001-06-15 Completed Date: 2001-06-28 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8213460 Medline TA: J Toxicol Clin Toxicol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 119-23 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center-Denver Health Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA. frankdaly@hotmail.com |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Antivenins / administration & dosage* Arachnidism / prevention & control* Black Widow Spider* Disease Models, Animal Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic Double-Blind Method Female Lethal Dose 50 Male Mice Random Allocation Species Specificity Spider Venoms / immunology*, isolation & purification, toxicity |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Antivenins; 0/Spider Venoms |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39(2):125-7
[PMID:
11407497
]
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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