Document Detail


Neuroprotection provided by dietary restriction in rats is further enhanced by reducing glucocortocoids.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22226488     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Glucocorticoids (GC)--corticosterone (CORT) in rodents and cortisol in primates--are stress-induced hormones secreted by adrenal glands that interact with the hypothalamic pituitary axis. High levels of cortisol in humans are observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as in diabetes, post-traumatic stress syndrome, and major depression. Experimental models of diabetes in rats and mice have demonstrated that reduction of CORT reduces learning and memory deficits and attenuates loss of neuronal viability and plasticity. In contrast to the negative associations of elevated GC levels, CORT is moderately elevated in dietary restriction (DR) paradigms which are associated with many healthy anti-aging effects including neuroprotection. We demonstrate here in rats that ablating CORT by adrenalectomy (ADX) with replenishment to relatively low levels (30% below that of controls) prior to the onset of a DR regimen (ADX-DR) followed by central administration of the neurotoxin, kainic acid (KA), significantly attenuates learning deficits in a 14-unit T-maze task. The performance of the ADX-DR KA group did not differ from a control group (CON) that did not receive KA and was fed ad libitum (AL). By contrast, the sham-operated DR (SHAM-DR KA) group, SHAM-AL KA group, and ADX-AL KA group demonstrated poorer learning behavior in this task compared to the CON group. Stereological analysis revealed equivalent DR-induced neuroprotection in the SH-DR KA and ADX-DR KA groups, as measured by cell loss in the CA2/CA3 region of the hippocampus, while substantial cell loss was observed in SH-AL and ADX-AL rats. A separate set of experiments was conducted with similar dietary and surgical treatment conditions but without KA administration to examine markers of neurotrophic activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transcriptions factors (pCREB), and chaperone proteins (HSP-70). Under these conditions, we noted elevations in both BDNF and pCREB in ADX DR rats compared to the other groups; whereas, HSP-70, was equivalently elevated in ADX-DR and SH-DR groups and was higher than observed in both SH-AL and ADX-AL groups. These results support findings that DR protects hippocampal neurons against KA-induced cellular insult. However, this neuroprotective effect was further enhanced in rats with a lower-than control level of CORT resulting from ADX and maintained by exogenous CORT supplementation. Our results then suggest that DR-induced physiological elevation of GC may have negative functional consequences to DR-induced beneficial effects. These negative effects, however, can be compensated by other DR-produced cellular and molecular protective mechanisms.
Authors:
Guang Qiu; Edward L Spangler; Ruiqian Wan; Marshall Miller; Mark P Mattson; Kwok-Fai So; Rafael de Cabo; Sige Zou; Donald K Ingram
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural     Date:  2012-01-05
Journal Detail:
Title:  Neurobiology of aging     Volume:  33     ISSN:  1558-1497     ISO Abbreviation:  Neurobiol. Aging     Publication Date:  2012 Oct 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2012-08-03     Completed Date:  2013-01-21     Revised Date:  2013-04-16    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8100437     Medline TA:  Neurobiol Aging     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  2398-410     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Nanfang Medical University, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Adrenalectomy
Animals
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / analysis
Caloric Restriction*
Corticosterone / blood,  deficiency*
Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / analysis
Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / pharmacology
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / analysis
Hippocampus / cytology*,  drug effects
Kainic Acid / pharmacology
Male
Memory Disorders / chemically induced,  diet therapy
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
P30 DK072476-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; 0/CREB1 protein, rat; 0/Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; 0/Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; 0/HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; 487-79-6/Kainic Acid; 50-22-6/Corticosterone

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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