Document Detail


Neuronal trauma model: in search of Thanatos.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  15465278     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Trauma to the nervous system triggers responses that include oxidative stress due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA is a major macromolecular target of ROS, and ROS-induced DNA strand breaks activate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Upon activation PARP-1 uses NAD(+) as a substrate to catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose subunits to a host of nuclear proteins. In the face of extensive DNA strand breaks, PARP-1 activation can lead to depletion of intracellular NAD(P)(H) pools, large decreases in ATP, that threaten cell survival. Accordingly, inhibition of PARP-1 activity after acute oxidative injury has been shown to increase cell survival. When NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, an in vitro neuronal model, are exposed to H(2)O(2) there is increased synthesis of poly ADP-ribose and decreases in intracellular NAD(P)(H) and ATP. Addition of the chemical PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (AB) prior to H(2)O(2) exposure blocks the synthesis of poly ADP-ribose and maintains intracellular NAD(P)(H) and ATP levels. H(2)O(2) injury is characterized by an immediate, necrotic cell death 2h after injury and a delayed apoptotic-like death 12-24h after injury. This apoptotic-like death is characterized by apoptotic membrane changes and apoptotic DNA fragmentation but is not associated with measurable caspase-3 activity. AB delays cell death beyond 24h and increases cell survival by approximately 25%. This protective effect is accompanied by significantly decreased necrosis and the apoptotic-like death associated with H(2)O(2) exposure. AB also restores caspase-3 which can be attributed to the activation of the upstream activator of caspase-3, caspase-9. Thus, the maintenance of intracellular ATP levels associated with PARP-1 inhibition shifts cell death from necrosis to apoptosis and from apoptosis to cell survival. Furthermore, the shift from necrosis to apoptosis may be explained, in part, by an energy-dependent activation of caspase-9.
Authors:
Kasie Cole; J Regino Perez-Polo
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience     Volume:  22     ISSN:  0736-5748     ISO Abbreviation:  Int. J. Dev. Neurosci.     Publication Date:  2004 Nov 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2004-10-06     Completed Date:  2004-12-15     Revised Date:  2005-11-16    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8401784     Medline TA:  Int J Dev Neurosci     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  485-96     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Apoptosis*
Benzamides / pharmacology
DNA Damage*
Disease Models, Animal
Energy Metabolism / drug effects
Humans
Neurons / drug effects,  metabolism*,  pathology
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / antagonists & inhibitors,  metabolism*
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*
Trauma, Nervous System / metabolism*
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Benzamides; 0/Reactive Oxygen Species; 3544-24-9/3-aminobenzamide; EC 2.4.2.30/Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; EC 2.4.2.30/poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1, mouse

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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