| Neurochemical alterations in adolescent chronic marijuana smokers: a proton MRS study. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21349338 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Converging evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies indicates that heavy marijuana use is associated with cingulate dysfunction. However, there has been limited human data documenting in vivo biochemical brain changes after chronic marijuana exposure. Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have demonstrated reduced basal ganglia glutamate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex N-acetyl aspartate levels in adult chronic marijuana users. Similar studies have not been reported in adolescent populations. The present study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine whether reductions in glutamate, N-acetyl aspartate and/or other proton metabolite concentrations would be found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of adolescent marijuana users compared with non-using controls. Adolescent marijuana users (N=17; average age 17.8 years) and similarly aged healthy control subjects (N=17; average age 16.2 years) were scanned using a Siemens 3T Trio MRI system. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired from a 22.5 mL voxel positioned bilaterally within the ACC. Spectra were fitted using commercial software and all metabolite integrals were normalized to the scaled unsuppressed water integral. Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were performed to compare between-group metabolite levels. The marijuana-using cohort showed statistically significant reductions in anterior cingulate glutamate (-15%, p<0.01), N-acetyl aspartate (-13%, p=0.02), total creatine (-10%, p<0.01) and myo-inositol (-10%, p=0.03). Within-voxel tissue-type segmentation did not reveal any significant differences in gray/white matter or cerebrospinal fluid content between the two groups. The reduced glutamate and N-acetyl aspartate levels in the adolescent marijuana-using cohort are consistent with precedent human (1)H MRS data, and likely reflect an alteration of anterior cingulate glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal integrity within these individuals. The reduced total creatine and myo-inositol levels observed in these subjects might infer altered ACC energetic status and glial metabolism, respectively. These results expand on previous functional MRI data reporting altered cingulate function in individuals with marijuana-abuse. |
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Authors:
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Andrew P Prescot; Allison E Locatelli; Perry F Renshaw; Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Date: 2011-02-22 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: NeuroImage Volume: 57 ISSN: 1095-9572 ISO Abbreviation: Neuroimage Publication Date: 2011 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-05-24 Completed Date: 2011-10-19 Revised Date: 2012-03-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9215515 Medline TA: Neuroimage Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 69-75 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Brain Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. andrew.prescot@utah.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adolescent Aspartic Acid / analogs & derivatives, analysis Brain Chemistry / drug effects* Female Glutamic Acid / analysis Gyrus Cinguli / chemistry*, drug effects* Humans Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Marijuana Smoking / adverse effects* Young Adult |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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1R01 DA020269/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; K05 DA031247-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; K24 DA015116-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; K24DA01511/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA020269-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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56-84-8/Aspartic Acid; 56-86-0/Glutamic Acid; 997-55-7/N-acetylaspartate |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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