| Nervous system function during exercise in hypoxia. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19555297 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Aerobic exercise capacity decreases with exposure to hypoxia. This article focuses on the effects of hypoxia on nervous system function and the potential consequences for the exercising human. Emphasis is put on somatosensory muscle afferents due to their crucial role in the reflex inhibition of muscle activation and in cardiorespiratory reflex control during exercise. We review the evidence of hypoxia influences on muscle afferents and discuss important consequences for exercise performance. Efferent (motor) nerves are less affected at altitude and are thought to stay fairly functional even in severe levels of arterial hypoxemia. Altitude also alters autonomic nervous system functions, which are thought to play an important role in the regulation of cardiac output and ventilation. Finally, the consequences of hypoxia-induced cortical adaptations and dysfunctions are evaluated in terms of neurotransmitter turnover, brain electrical activity, and cortical excitability. Even though the cessation of exercise or the reduction of exercise intensity, when reaching maximum performance, implies reduced motor recruitment by the nervous system, the mechanisms that lead to the de-recruitment of active muscle are still not well understood. In moderate hypoxia, muscle afferents appear to play an important role, whereas in severe hypoxia brain oxygenation may play a more important role. |
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Authors:
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Markus Amann; Bengt Kayser |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: High altitude medicine & biology Volume: 10 ISSN: 1557-8682 ISO Abbreviation: High Alt. Med. Biol. Publication Date: 2009 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-06-26 Completed Date: 2009-09-29 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100901183 Medline TA: High Alt Med Biol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 149-64 Citation Subset: IM; S |
Affiliation:
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University of Zürich , Institute of Physiology, and ETH Zürich, Exercise Physiology, Zürich, Switzerland. markus.amann@utah.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Anoxia
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physiopathology* Blood Pressure / physiology Brain / metabolism Cerebral Cortex / physiology Exercise / physiology* Heart Rate / physiology Humans Muscle Contraction / physiology Muscle Fatigue / physiology Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / physiology Muscle, Skeletal / innervation, physiology Nervous System Physiological Phenomena* Neurons / physiology Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism Oxygen / metabolism Pulmonary Ventilation / physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Neurotransmitter Agents; 7782-44-7/Oxygen |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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