| Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21048078 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The hypothalamus monitors body energy status in part through specialized glucose sensing neurons that comprise both glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited cells. Here we discuss recent work on the elucidation of neurochemical identities and physiological significance of these hypothalamic cells, including caveats resulting from the currently imprecise functional and molecular definitions of glucose sensing and differences in glucose-sensing responses obtained with different experimental techniques. We discuss the recently observed adaptive glucose-sensing responses of orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons, which allow these cells to sense changes in glucose levels rather than its absolute concentration, as well as the glucose-sensing abilities of melanin-concentrating hormone, neuropeptide Y, and proopiomelanocortin-containing neurons and the recent data on the role of ventromedial hypothalamic steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1)/glutamate-containing cells in glucose homeostasis. We propose a model where orexin/hypocretin and SF-1/glutamate neurons cooperate in stimulating the sympathetic outflow to the liver and pancreas to increase blood glucose, which in turn provides negative feedback inhibition to these cells. Orexin/hypocretin neurons also stimulate feeding and reward seeking and are activated by hunger and stress, thereby providing a potential link between glucose sensing and goal-oriented behavior. The cell-type-specific neuromodulatory actions of glucose in several neurochemically distinct hypothalamic circuits are thus likely to be involved in coordinating higher brain function and behavior with autonomic adjustments in blood glucose levels. |
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Authors:
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Mahesh Karnani; Denis Burdakov |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2010-11-03 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology Volume: 300 ISSN: 1522-1490 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. Publication Date: 2011 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-12-24 Completed Date: 2011-01-20 Revised Date: 2012-01-02 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100901230 Medline TA: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: R47-55 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Cambridge, UK. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Glucose / metabolism* Homeostasis / physiology Humans Hypothalamus / physiology* Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / physiology Neuropeptides / physiology Sympathetic Nervous System / physiology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; 0/Neuropeptides; 0/orexins; 50-99-7/Glucose |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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