| Multiple MDMA (Ecstasy) Overdoses at a Rave Event: A Case Series. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22640978 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Twelve patients with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) toxicity from a single rave event presented to multiple San Francisco Bay area hospitals with various life-threatening complications including seizures and hyperthermia. Eight required emergent endotracheal intubation and six had hypotension. Hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury, and rhabdomyolysis were present in most of the patients. In all, 2 patients died, 4 survived with permanent neurologic, musculoskeletal, and/or renal sequelae, and 6 survived without any apparent lasting deficits. Hyperthermia was present in 10 patients and was severe (40.9-43° C) in 7. Using multiple cooling methods, the average time to achieve cooling was 2.7 hours. Serum drug analysis was performed on 3 patients, demonstrating toxic MDMA concentrations without the presence of other xenobiotics. Two capsules confiscated by police at the event contained 82% and 98% MDMA, respectively, without other pharmacologically active compounds. Capsule #2 contained 270 mg MDMA, which is more than twice the amount of MDMA usually contained in 1 dose. The MDMA-induced hyperthermia significantly contributed to the morbidity and mortality in this case series. Factors contributing to the severity of the hyperthermia include ingestion of large doses of MDMA, a warm ambient environment, and physical exertion. |
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Authors:
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Patil Armenian; Tanya M Mamantov; Ben T Tsutaoka; Roy R L Gerona; Eric F Silman; Alan H B Wu; Kent R Olson |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-5-28 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of intensive care medicine Volume: - ISSN: 1525-1489 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-5-29 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8610344 Medline TA: J Intensive Care Med Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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