| The multi-faceted influences of estrogen on lymphocytes: toward novel immuno-interventions strategies for autoimmunity management. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19943123 Owner: NLM Status: In-Process |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Early studies of the immune system disclosed that, generally, females exhibit stronger responses to a variety of antigens than males. Perhaps as a result of this response, women are more prone to developing autoimmune diseases than men. Yet, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms remain under investigation. Recently, interferon-gamma and the related pro-inflammatory interleukin-12 were found to be under effects of sex steroid hormones, with potential implications in regulating immune cells and autoimmune responses. In B lymphocytes, functional binding sites for estrogen receptors were identified in the promoter of the gene encoding activation-induced deaminase, an enzyme required for somatic hypermutation, and class-switch recombination. The observation that estrogen exerts direct impacts on antibody affinity-maturation provides a potential mechanism that could account for generating pathogenic high-affinity auto-antibodies. Further deciphering the multi-faceted influences of sex hormones on the responsiveness of immune cells could lead to novel therapeutic interventions for autoimmunity management. |
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Authors:
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Ebru Karpuzoglu; Moncef Zouali |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology Volume: 40 ISSN: 1559-0267 ISO Abbreviation: Clin Rev Allergy Immunol Publication Date: 2011 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-01-05 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9504368 Medline TA: Clin Rev Allergy Immunol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 16-26 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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