| Morphogenesis of the node and notochord: the cellular basis for the establishment and maintenance of left-right asymmetry in the mouse. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18629866 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Establishment of left-right asymmetry in the mouse embryo depends on leftward laminar fluid flow in the node, which initiates a signaling cascade that is confined to the left side of the embryo. Leftward fluid flow depends on two cellular processes: motility of the cilia that generate the flow and morphogenesis of the node, the structure where the cilia reside. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding and unresolved questions about the regulation of ciliary motility and node structure. Analysis of mouse mutants has shown that the motile cilia must have a specific structure and length, and that they must point posteriorly to generate the necessary leftward fluid flow. However, the precise structure of the motile cilia is not clear and the mechanisms that position cilia on node cells have not been defined. The mouse node is a teardrop-shaped pit at the distal tip of the early embryo, but the morphogenetic events that create the mature node from cells derived from the primitive streak are only beginning to be characterized. Recent live imaging experiments support earlier scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies and show that node assembly is a multi-step process in which clusters of node precursors appear on the embryo surface as overlying endoderm cells are removed. We present additional SEM and confocal microscopy studies that help define the transition stages during node morphogenesis. After the initiation of left-sided signaling, the notochordal plate, which is contiguous with the node, generates a barrier at the embryonic midline that restricts the cascade of gene expression to the left side of the embryo. The field is now poised to dissect the genetic and cellular mechanisms that create and organize the specialized cells of the node and midline that are essential for left-right asymmetry. |
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Authors:
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Jeffrey D Lee; Kathryn V Anderson |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists Volume: 237 ISSN: 1058-8388 ISO Abbreviation: Dev. Dyn. Publication Date: 2008 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-12-02 Completed Date: 2009-02-04 Revised Date: 2011-04-21 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9201927 Medline TA: Dev Dyn Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 3464-76 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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(c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Affiliation:
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Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Body Patterning* Embryo, Mammalian / embryology*, metabolism, ultrastructure Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Mice Morphogenesis* Notochord / embryology*, metabolism, ultrastructure |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HD035455/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; R01 HD035455-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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