| Morbidity, Mortality, and Organ Damage in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22247356 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: To describe morbidity, organ damage, mortality, and cause of death in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). METHODS: Descriptive analysis of 135 patients. Patients were clustered according to initial event: arterial thrombosis including stroke (AT; n = 46), venous thrombosis including pulmonary emboli (VT; n = 53), or pregnancy morbidity (PM; n = 36). Disease progression according to initial event and prevalence of organ damage was observed. RESULTS: APS occurs among young individuals (mean age 33.3 ± 11.9 yrs). One-third of the patients have APS secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or SLE-like disease. A broad spectrum of clinical manifestations mark the disease onset even before diagnosis. The pattern of initial presentation is preserved with regard to second event; VT is followed by VT (84%), AT is followed by AT (95%), and PM is followed by PM (88.9%). The highest morbidity is attributed to neurologic damage. PM is more likely to be followed by a second event, yet is associated with less organ damage than AT and VT. After a mean followup of 7.55 years, 29% of patients experienced organ damage and 5 died, with Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics score associated with increased mortality (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60, p = 0.01, per 1-unit increase); hematological malignancies occurred in 2 patients after a cumulative followup of 1020 person-years. Coexistent SLE adds significant damage in patients with APS. CONCLUSION: APS is a disease of young individuals, who experience increased morbidity. Neurologic damage is the most common cause of morbidity. AT at presentation as well as coexistent SLE are associated with poor outcome. |
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Authors:
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Eleftheria P Grika; Panayiotis D Ziakas; Elias Zintzaras; Haralampos M Moutsopoulos; Panayiotis G Vlachoyiannopoulos |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-1-15 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of rheumatology Volume: - ISSN: 0315-162X ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-1-16 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7501984 Medline TA: J Rheumatol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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From the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens; and the Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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