| Molecular Pathways Involved in the Early and Late Damage Induced by Testis Ischemia: Evidence for a Rational Pharmacological Modulation. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22300051 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Testicular torsion or torsion of the spermatic cord is a surgical emergency in which misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment can lead to male infertility. Events occurring during testicular torsion and detorsion are representative of an ischemia-reperfusion injury observed in other organs. The two most important factors determining testicular damage are the degree of twisting and the early onset of a surgical treatment to counter-rotate both testis and spermatic cord for inducing reperfusion. The damage from reperfusion is more severe than that induced by ischemia and several mechanisms are implicated in the development of testicular damage following torsion and detorsion. However, these mechanisms have not yet been fully clarified and, as a consequence, there is still a strong need to identify specific pharmacological treatment to limit the damage triggered by the reperfusion procedures. Ischemia and reperfusion of testis result in elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PPARβ/δ receptor, induce transcription factors and growth factors including NF-κB and VEGF, trigger apoptotic machinery and induce several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β. This pathological cascade is responsible for the testicular atrophy, decreased blood flow and impaired spermatogenesis. Several pharmacological approaches have been characterized as promising therapeutic agents for the management of testicular torsion and may be useful to ameliorate the sequel of this disease. |
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Authors:
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D Altavilla; C Romeo; F Squadrito; H Marini; G Morgia; P Antonuccio; L Minutoli |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-2-17 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Current medicinal chemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1875-533X ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-2-3 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9440157 Medline TA: Curr Med Chem Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, 5th floor, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy. Francesco.Squadrito@unime.it. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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