| Modulation of intestinal immune system by dietary fat intake: relevance to Crohn's disease. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 9918423 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the major inductive site of the mucosal immune system, which is functionally independent of the systemic immune system. Both the amount and type of dietary fat modulate intestinal immune function. Absorption of long-chain fatty acids stimulates lymphocyte flux and lymphocyte blastogenesis in intestinal lymphatics. Long-chain fatty acid absorption also significantly enhances migration of T lymphocytes to Peyer's patches, possibly due to up-regulation of adhesion molecules, such as alpha4-integrin and L-selectin. Lipoproteins are involved in stimulation of lymphocyte function by both receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms. However, unsaturated fatty acids at higher concentrations have a suppressive effect on cell-mediated immunity via eicosanoid release, receptor affinity changes or interactions with intracellular signal transduction. Fat absorption also influences various other cells in the intestinal mucosa: increased cytokine release from intestinal epithelial cells follows long-chain fatty acid absorption. In Crohn's disease, elemental diets and total parenteral nutrition often induce remission, possibly by reducing antigenic load on activated immune cells in the intestine and, thus, down-regulating hyperreactive CD4 cells. Dietary oleic acid supplements caused an immunological reversal effect in the intestinal immune system of animals fed an elemental diet. An excess of long-chain fatty acids in an elemental diet, therefore, may negate its beneficial effect on gut-associated lymphoid tissues in Crohn's disease. In contrast, supplemental dietary fish oil apparently tends to prevent relapse of Crohn's disease. Because dietary fat intake is closely associated with immunological function of the intestinal mucosa, careful manipulation of dietary fat can be important in management of this disease. |
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Authors:
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S Miura; Y Tsuzuki; R Hokari; H Ishii |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology Volume: 13 ISSN: 0815-9319 ISO Abbreviation: J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Publication Date: 1998 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1999-06-15 Completed Date: 1999-06-15 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8607909 Medline TA: J Gastroenterol Hepatol Country: AUSTRALIA |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 1183-90 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Second Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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therapeutic use Animals Crohn Disease / diet therapy, immunology* Cytokines / metabolism Dietary Fats / immunology* Fatty Acids / metabolism, therapeutic use Fish Oils / therapeutic use Humans Immunity, Mucosal Intestinal Mucosa / immunology* Lymphocytes / immunology, physiology Lymphoid Tissue / immunology, metabolism Peyer's Patches / immunology, metabolism |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Adjuvants, Immunologic; 0/Cytokines; 0/Dietary Fats; 0/Fatty Acids; 0/Fish Oils |
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