| Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 19403635 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
BACKGROUND: Cocoa drinks containing flavan-3-ols are associated with many health benefits, and conflicting evidence exists as to whether milk adversely affects the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effect of milk on the bioavailability of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites. DESIGN: Nine human volunteers followed a low-flavonoid diet for 2 d before drinking 250 mL of a cocoa beverage, made with water or milk, that contained 45 micromol (-)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin. Plasma and urine samples were collected for 24 h, and flavan-3-ol metabolites were analyzed by HPLC with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. RESULTS: Milk affected neither gastric emptying nor the transit time through the small intestine. Two flavan-3-ol metabolites were detected in plasma and 4 in urine. Milk had only minor effects on the plasma pharmacokinetics of an (epi)catechin-O-sulfate and had no effect on an O-methyl-(epi)catechin-O-sulfate. However, milk significantly lowered the excretion of 4 urinary flavan-3-ol metabolites from 18.3% to 10.5% of the ingested dose (P = 0.016). Studies that showed protective effects of cocoa and those that showed no effect of milk on bioavailability used products that have a much higher flavan-3-ol content than does the commercial cocoa used in the present study. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies of the protective effects of cocoa have used drinks with a very high flavan-3-ol content. Whether similar protective effects are associated with the consumption of many commercial chocolate and cocoa products containing substantially lower amounts of flavan-3-ols, especially when absorption at lower doses is obstructed by milk, remains to be determined. |
| | |
Authors:
|
William Mullen; Gina Borges; Jennifer L Donovan; Christine A Edwards; Mauro Serafini; Michael E J Lean; Alan Crozier |
Related Documents
:
|
11049065 - Changes in hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and triglyceride in peripar... 7962845 - Effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating ... 8655735 - Effect of propylene glycol supplementation around parturition on milk yield, reproducti... 2316195 - The effects of age on the erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations of dairy cows... 21774835 - Clinical evaluation of non-surgical sterilization of male cats with single intra-testic... 16338275 - Methadone enantiomer plasma levels, cyp2b6, cyp2c19, and cyp2c9 genotypes, and response... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2009-04-29 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: The American journal of clinical nutrition Volume: 89 ISSN: 1938-3207 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Publication Date: 2009 Jun |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2009-05-21 Completed Date: 2009-06-12 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 0376027 Medline TA: Am J Clin Nutr Country: United States |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 1784-91 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
|
Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Acetaminophen
/
blood Animals Beverages Biological Availability Cacao* Catechin / analogs & derivatives, blood, urine Cattle Flavonoids / metabolism, pharmacokinetics* Gastric Emptying / physiology* Gastrointestinal Transit / physiology* Humans Milk / metabolism* Plant Extracts / pharmacokinetics* Seeds Sulfuric Acid Esters / blood, urine |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
|
BB/C003802/1//Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Flavonoids; 0/Plant Extracts; 0/Sulfuric Acid Esters; 0/epicatechin sulfate; 0/flavan-3-ol; 103-90-2/Acetaminophen; 154-23-4/Catechin |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Existing and potentially novel functional markers of vitamin D status: a systematic review.
Next Document: Low-fat, increased fruit, vegetable, and grain dietary pattern, fractures, and bone mineral density:...