| Microbial exposure of rural school children, as assessed by levels of N-acetyl-muramic acid in mattress dust, and its association with respiratory health. | |
MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 15131567 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Endotoxin exposure has been shown to be associated with a decreased prevalence of atopic sensitization and symptoms. Yet endotoxin represents only a part of the indoor microbial exposure. Muramic acid, a constituent of peptidoglycan, is present in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in the environment and may therefore serve as an additional marker of microbial exposure. OBJECTIVE: To study the factors determining the level of indoor exposure to muramic acid/peptidoglycan, as well as its potential association with respiratory health. METHODS: In 553 farm and nonfarm school children from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany, mattress dust muramic acid concentrations were determined, and health was assessed by using IgE measurements and questionnaire information. RESULTS: The muramic acid concentration was found to be significantly higher in dust from farm children's mattresses than in dust from nonfarm children's mattresses (157 vs 131 ng/mg). Children with higher mattress dust muramic acid concentrations had a significantly lower prevalence of wheezing (odds ratio of highest vs lowest tertile of muramic acid concentration, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9), regardless of farming status and endotoxin exposure. The association for asthma was similar, and no association was found with atopic sensitization. CONCLUSION: Next to endotoxin, muramic acid provides us with an independent marker of microbial exposure. Unlike endotoxin, muramic acid was inversely associated with wheezing rather than with atopic sensitization. |
Authors:
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Robert Theodoor van Strien; Regina Engel; Otto Holst; Albrecht Bufe; Waltraud Eder; Marco Waser; Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer; Josef Riedler; Dennis Nowak; Erika von Mutius; |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Volume: 113 ISSN: 0091-6749 ISO Abbreviation: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Publication Date: 2004 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2004-05-07 Completed Date: 2004-06-17 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 1275002 Medline TA: J Allergy Clin Immunol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 860-7 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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University Children's Hospital, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Asthma
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etiology Austria Bedding and Linens / adverse effects*, microbiology* Child Dust / analysis Endotoxins / analysis Environmental Microbiology* Germany Humans Immunoglobulin E / blood Muramic Acids / analysis* Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / etiology Rural Health* Switzerland |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Dust; 0/Endotoxins; 0/Muramic Acids; 1856-93-5/N-acetylmuramic acid; 37341-29-0/Immunoglobulin E |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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