| Methodological issues in the epidemiological study of the teratogenicity of drugs. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 15904431 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The review presented here discusses and exemplifies problems in epidemiological studies of drug teratogenesis according to methodology: case-control studies, cohort studies, or total population studies. Sources of errors and the possibility of confounding are underlined. The review stresses the caution with which conclusions have to be drawn when exposure data are retrospective or other possible bias exists. It also stresses the problem with the multiple testing situation that is usually present in the studies. It is therefore difficult to draw any firm conclusion from single studies and still more difficult to draw conclusions on causality. As randomized studies are in most cases out of the question, one has to rely on the type of studies which can be made, but the interpretation of the results should be cautious. The ideal study, next to a randomized one, is a large prospective study with detailed exposure information and detailed and unbiased outcome data. Even so, such a study can mainly be used for identifying possible associations which have to be verified or rejected in new studies. Nearly every finding of a risk increase, if not extremely strong, should only be regarded as a tentative signal to be tested in independent studies. |
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Authors:
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Bengt A J Källén |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Congenital anomalies Volume: 45 ISSN: 0914-3505 ISO Abbreviation: Congenit Anom (Kyoto) Publication Date: 2005 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2005-05-20 Completed Date: 2005-08-29 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9306292 Medline TA: Congenit Anom (Kyoto) Country: Japan |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 44-51 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Center for Reproduction Epidemiology, Tornblad Institute, University of Lund, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. embryol@embryol.lu.se |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
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epidemiology* Bias (Epidemiology) Cohort Studies Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Environmental Exposure / adverse effects Epidemiologic Methods* Female Humans Infant, Newborn Interviews as Topic Mental Recall Pregnancy Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects Teratogens* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Teratogens |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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