Document Detail


Metabolome analysis revealed increase in S-methylcysteine and phosphatidylisopropanolamine synthesis upon L-cysteine deprivation in the anaerobic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20923776     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
L-cysteine is ubiquitous in all living organisms and is involved in a variety of functions, including the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and glutathione and the regulation of the structure, stability, and catalysis of proteins. In the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis, L-cysteine plays an essential role in proliferation, adherence, and defense against oxidative stress; however, the essentiality of this amino acid in the pathways it regulates is not well understood. In the present study, we applied capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantitate charged metabolites modulated in response to L-cysteine deprivation in E. histolytica, which was selected as a model for examining the biological roles of L-cysteine. L-cysteine deprivation had profound effects on glycolysis, amino acid, and phospholipid metabolism, with sharp decreases in the levels of L-cysteine, L-cystine, and S-adenosylmethionine and a dramatic accumulation of O-acetylserine and S-methylcysteine. We further demonstrated that S-methylcysteine is synthesized from methanethiol and O-acetylserine by cysteine synthase, which was previously considered to be involved in sulfur-assimilatory L-cysteine biosynthesis. In addition, L-cysteine depletion repressed glycolysis and energy generation, as it reduced acetyl-CoA, ethanol, and the major nucleotide di- and triphosphates, and led to the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. Interestingly, L-cysteine depletion increased the synthesis of isopropanolamine and phosphatidylisopropanolamine, and it was confirmed that their increment was not a result of oxidative stress but was a specific response to L-cysteine depletion. We also identified a pathway in which isopropanolamine is synthesized from methylglyoxal via aminoacetone. To date, this study represents the first case where L-cysteine deprivation leads to drastic changes in core metabolic pathways, including energy, amino acid, and phospholipid metabolism.
Authors:
Afzal Husain; Dan Sato; Ghulam Jeelani; Fumika Mi-ichi; Vahab Ali; Makoto Suematsu; Tomoyoshi Soga; Tomoyoshi Nozaki
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't     Date:  2010-10-05
Journal Detail:
Title:  The Journal of biological chemistry     Volume:  285     ISSN:  1083-351X     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Biol. Chem.     Publication Date:  2010 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-12-06     Completed Date:  2011-01-10     Revised Date:  2011-12-13    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985121R     Medline TA:  J Biol Chem     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  39160-70     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Cysteine / analogs & derivatives*,  chemistry*
Cysteine Synthase / metabolism
Entamoeba histolytica / metabolism*
Gene Expression Regulation
Glycolysis
Kinetics
Metabolomics / methods
Oxidative Stress
Propanolamines / chemistry*
S-Adenosylmethionine / metabolism
Serine / analogs & derivatives,  chemistry
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Propanolamines; 29908-03-0/S-Adenosylmethionine; 4985-36-8/O-acetylserine; 52-90-4/Cysteine; 56-45-1/Serine; 7728-98-5/S-methylcysteine; 78-96-6/monoisopropanolamine; EC 2.5.1.47/Cysteine Synthase

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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