| Metabolic syndrome: a brain disease. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22913633 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Recent research indicates an association between brain dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To investigate this, we created a Medline search (up to December 2011) of articles in PubMed. The results indicated that refined carbohydrates, saturated and total fat, high levels of ω-6 fatty acids, and low levels of ω-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all in conjunction with sedentary behaviour and mental stress can predispose to inflammation. Increased sympathetic activity, with increased secretion of catecholamine, cortisol, and serotonin can cause oxidative stress, which may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as the hypothalamus and macrophages, and the liver may release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These, in conjunction with an underlying deficiency in long chain PUFA, may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as neuropeptide-Y and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and insulin receptors in the brain, especially during fetal life, infancy, and childhood, resulting in their dysfunction. Of the fatty acids in the brain, 30%-50% are long chain PUFA, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids. Hence, ω-3 fatty acids, which are also known to enhance parasympathetic activity and increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as acetylcholine in the hippocampus, may be protective. Therefore, treatment with ω-3 fatty acids may be applied for the prevention of metabolic syndrome. |
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Authors:
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Ram B Singh; Siddharth Gupta; Parinita Dherange; Fabien De Meester; Agnieszka Wilczynska; Shaan E Alam; Daniel Pella; Douglas W Wilson |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-8-22 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology Volume: - ISSN: 1205-7541 ISO Abbreviation: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. Publication Date: 2012 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-8-23 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0372712 Medline TA: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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a The TsimTsoum Institute, Golebia street, Krakow, Silesia 40-126, Poland. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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