| Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21520239 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Until recently, all approved multiple sclerosis (MS) disease treatments were administered parenterally. Oral fingolimod was approved in September 2010 by the US Food and Drug Administration to reduce relapses and disability progression in relapsing forms of MS. In the clinical trials that led to approval, fingolimod reduced not only acute relapses and magnetic resonance imaging lesion activity but also disability progression and brain volume loss, suggesting preservation of tissue. Fingolimod's mechanism of action in MS is not known with certainty. Its active form, fingolimod-phosphate (fingolimod-P), is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator that inhibits egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes and their recirculation, potentially reducing trafficking of pathogenic cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Fingolimod also readily penetrates the CNS, and fingolimod-P formed in situ may have direct effects on neural cells. Fingolimod potently inhibits the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but is ineffective in mice with selective deficiency of the S1P₁ S1PR subtype on astrocytes despite normal expression in the immune compartment. These findings suggest that S1PR modulation by fingolimod in both the immune system and CNS, producing a combination of beneficial anti-inflammatory and possibly neuroprotective/reparative effects, may contribute to its efficacy in MS. In clinical trials, fingolimod was generally safe and well tolerated. Its interaction with S1PRs in a variety of tissues largely accounts for the reported adverse effects, which were seen more frequently with doses 2.5 to 10x the approved 0.5 mg dose. Fingolimod's unique mechanism of action distinguishes it from all other currently approved MS therapies. |
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Authors:
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Jeffrey A Cohen; Jerold Chun |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Annals of neurology Volume: 69 ISSN: 1531-8249 ISO Abbreviation: Ann. Neurol. Publication Date: 2011 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-04-26 Completed Date: 2011-06-24 Revised Date: 2011-12-01 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7707449 Medline TA: Ann Neurol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 759-77 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 American Neurological Association. |
Affiliation:
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Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. cohenj@ccf.org |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Central Nervous System / drug effects, immunology Clinical Trials as Topic Disease Models, Animal Drug-Induced Liver Injury Heart Diseases / chemically induced Humans Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects*, pharmacology Infection / chemically induced Liver Diseases Lymphocytes / physiology Lysophospholipids / metabolism Multiple Sclerosis / drug therapy*, immunology, pathology Propylene Glycols / adverse effects*, pharmacology Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / metabolism Respiration Disorders / chemically induced Sphingosine / adverse effects, analogs & derivatives*, metabolism, pharmacology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Immunosuppressive Agents; 0/Lysophospholipids; 0/Propylene Glycols; 0/Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; 123-78-4/Sphingosine; 162359-55-9/fingolimod; 26993-30-6/sphingosine 1-phosphate |
| Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
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Ann Neurol. 2011 Oct;70(4):673-4; author reply 674
[PMID:
22028236
]
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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