| Mechanisms of chemically induced skin irritation. I. Studies of time course, dose response, and components of inflammation in the laboratory mouse. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 4082196 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
The possibility that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms was studied in laboratory mice. The time course and dose response to topical application of phenol, croton oil, benzalkonium chloride, ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP), and methyl salicylate were compared. The responses to each chemical were measured as changes in ear thickness following application to one ear. Maximal responses were as follows: methyl salicylate 20 min, phenol 1 hr, croton oil and benzalkonium chloride 6 hr, and EPP 8 hr. The response to EPP included an early, smaller response at 1 hr. Time courses of the responses were not altered by changing the vehicle in which the irritants were applied or by altering the dose. The rates of regression of the inflammatory responses also varied. Although visibly normal, thickness of ears treated with either phenol or benzalkonium chloride remained 0.05 to 1 mm thicker than solvent-treated control ears for 6 weeks. Although the incidence of prolonged thickness was dose related, it was not determined by the intensity of the acute response; doses of other irritants which produced equivalent acute increases in ear thickness did not produce similar changes. The components of the acute responses, i.e., vascular permeability, change in blood flow, and cellular infiltration, to 5 mg methyl salicylate, 2 mg EPP, and 0.05 mg croton oil were compared in studies of tissue histology, changes in vascular permeability by trypan blue and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin, and change in local surface temperature as an index of blood flow. The histology of the reactions at the time of maximum response to the chemicals differed. Multiple periods of increased permeability and increased surface temperature were produced by the irritants. The permeability and blood flow responses produced by the irritants varied in number, time of occurrence relative to time of application and to time of maximum response, and in magnitude of the changes. Differences in time courses of the responses which were not altered by experimentally varying rate of absorption and in components of the inflammatory response to the three irritants suggest that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms. |
| | |
Authors:
|
E Patrick; H I Maibach; A Burkhalter |
Related Documents
:
|
17908186 - A long-term evaluation of erythema and pigmentation induced by ultraviolet radiations o... 11460536 - Resistance of a lizard (the green anole, anolis carolinensis; polychridae) to ultraviol... 8701786 - Inverted skin changes induced by estrogen and estrogen/glucocorticoid on aging dermis. 17762856 - The dose rate of uva treatment influences the cellular response of hacat keratinocytes. 18281556 - Irinophore c: a liposome formulation of irinotecan with substantially improved therapeu... 11813896 - A comparative study of azithromycin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride for otitis media ... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Toxicology and applied pharmacology Volume: 81 ISSN: 0041-008X ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. Publication Date: 1985 Dec |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 1986-01-27 Completed Date: 1986-01-27 Revised Date: 2007-11-14 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 0416575 Medline TA: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 476-90 Citation Subset: IM |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Absorption Alkynes / toxicity* Animals Croton Oil / toxicity* Dermatitis, Contact / etiology, pathology* Ear / blood supply, drug effects* Female Irritants / metabolism, toxicity* Mice Mice, Inbred ICR Salicylates / toxicity* Time Factors |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
|
GMO7175/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
0/Alkynes; 0/Irritants; 0/Salicylates; 119-36-8/methyl salicylate; 2216-94-6/ethylphenylpropiolate; 8001-28-3/Croton Oil |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Modulation of stromal cell function in DBA/2J and B6C3F1 mice exposed to benzene or phenol.
Next Document: Cardiotoxicity of lead at various perfusate calcium concentrations: functional and metabolic respons...