| Mechanism and Diversity of the Erythromycin Esterase Family of Enzymes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22303981 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin and erythromycin are mainstays of modern antibacterial chemotherapy and like all antibiotics, they are vulnerable to resistance. One mechanism of macrolide resistance is via drug inactivation: enzymatic hydrolysis of the macrolactone ring catalyzed by erythromycin esterases, EreA and EreB. A genomic enzymology approach was taken to gain insight into the catalytic mechanisms and origins of Ere enzymes. Our analysis reveals that erythromycin esterases comprise a separate group in the hydrolase superfamily, which includes homologues of uncharacterized function found on the chromosome of Bacillus cereus, Bcr135 and Bcr136, whose 3D-structures have been determined. Biochemical characterization of Bcr136 confirms that it is an esterase, however unable to inactivate macrolides. Using steady-state kinetics, homology-based structure modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, solvent isotope effect studies, pH, and inhibitor profiling performed in various combinations for EreA, EreB and Bcr136 enzymes, we identified the active site and gained insight into some catalytic features for this novel enzyme superfamily. We rule out the possibility of a Ser/Thr nucleophile, and show that one histidine, H46 (EreB numbering) is essential for catalytic function. This residue is proposed to serve as a general base in activation of a water molecule as the reaction nucleophile. Furthermore, we show that EreA, EreB, and Bcr136, are distinct, with only EreA inhibited by chelating agents and hypothesized to contain a non-catalytic metal. Detailed characterization of these esterases allows for a direct comparison of the resistance determinants, EreA and EreB, with their prototype, Bcr136, and for the discussion of their potential connections. |
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Authors:
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Mariya Morar; Kate Pengelly; Kalinka Koteva; Gerard D Wright |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-2-3 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Biochemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1520-4995 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2012 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2012-2-6 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0370623 Medline TA: Biochemistry Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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