| Lung size and thoracic morphology in shallow- and deep-diving cetaceans. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20077515 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Shallow-diving, coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and deep-diving, pelagic pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. sima) will experience vastly different ambient pressures at depth, which will influence the volume of air within their lungs and potentially the degree of thoracic collapse they experience. This study tested the hypotheses that lung size will be reduced and/or thoracic mobility will be enhanced in deeper divers. Lung mass (T. truncatus, n = 106; kogiids, n = 18) and lung volume (T. truncatus, n = 5; kogiids, n = 4), relative to total body mass, were compared. One T. truncatus and one K. sima were cross-sectioned to calculate lung, thoracic vasculature, and other organ volumes. Excised thoraxes (T. truncatus, n = 3; kogiids, n = 4) were mechanically manipulated to compare changes in thoracic cavity shape and volume. Kogiid lungs were half the mass and one-fifth the volume of those of similarly sized T. truncatus. The lungs occupied only 15% of the total thoracic cavity volume in K. sima and 37% in T. truncatus. The kogiid and dolphin thoraxes underwent similar changes in shape and volume, although the width of the thoracic inlet was relatively constrained in kogiids. A broader phylogenetic comparison demonstrated that the ratio of lung mass to total body mass in kogiids, physeterids, and ziphiids was similar to that of terrestrial mammals, while delphinids and phocoenids possessed relatively large lungs. Thus, small lung size in deep-diving odontocetes may be a plesiomorphic character. The relatively large lung size of delphinids and phocoenids appears to be a derived condition that may permit the lung to function as a site of respiratory gas exchange throughout a dive in these rapid breathing, short-duration, shallow divers. |
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Authors:
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Marina A Piscitelli; William A McLellan; Sentiel A Rommel; James E Blum; Susan G Barco; D Ann Pabst |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of morphology Volume: 271 ISSN: 1097-4687 ISO Abbreviation: J. Morphol. Publication Date: 2010 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-05-06 Completed Date: 2010-08-09 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0406125 Medline TA: J Morphol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 654-73 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA. piscitellim@uncw.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adaptation, Physiological
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physiology Animals Behavior, Animal / physiology Bottle-Nosed Dolphin / anatomy & histology*, physiology Cetacea / anatomy & histology, physiology Diving / physiology* Heart / anatomy & histology, physiology Joints / anatomy & histology, physiology Lung / anatomy & histology*, physiology Organ Size / physiology Oxygen Consumption / physiology Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology Pulmonary Artery / anatomy & histology, physiology Pulmonary Gas Exchange / physiology Respiratory Mechanics / physiology Respiratory Physiological Processes* Ribs / anatomy & histology, physiology Species Specificity Thoracic Cavity / anatomy & histology, physiology Thoracic Vertebrae / anatomy & histology, physiology Thorax / anatomy & histology*, physiology Whales / anatomy & histology*, physiology |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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