Document Detail


Lung disease associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21030517     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
α(1)-Antitrypsin (A1AT) is a polyvalent, acute-phase reactant with an extensive range of biological functions that go beyond those usually linked to its antiprotease (serpin) activities. Genetic mutations cause a systemic deficiency of A1AT, leading to liver and pulmonary diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The pathogenesis of emphysema, which involves the destruction of small airway structures and alveolar units, is triggered by cigarette smoke and pollutants. The tissue damage caused by these agents is further potentiated by the mutual interactions between apoptosis, oxidative stress, and protease/antiprotease imbalance. These processes lead to the activation of endogenous mediators of tissue destruction, including the lipid ceramide, extracellular matrix proteins, and abnormal inflammatory cell signaling. In this review, we propose that A1AT has a range of actions that are not restricted to protease inhibition but rather extend to mitigate a range of these pathological processes involved in the development of emphysema. We discuss the evidence indicating that A1AT blocks apoptosis by binding and inhibiting active caspase-3 and modulates a broad range of inflammatory responses induced by neutrophils and by lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling.
Authors:
Rubin M Tuder; Sabina M Janciauskiene; Irina Petrache
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society     Volume:  7     ISSN:  1943-5665     ISO Abbreviation:  Proc Am Thorac Soc     Publication Date:  2010 Nov 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-10-29     Completed Date:  2011-03-17     Revised Date:  2011-11-01    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  101203596     Medline TA:  Proc Am Thorac Soc     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  381-6     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Program in Translational Lung Research, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Rubin.Tuder@UCDenver.Edu
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Apoptosis
Caspase 3 / metabolism
Emphysema / physiopathology*
Humans
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / physiopathology*
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency / metabolism*
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
HL66554/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; P01 1P50 HL084945/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
EC 3.4.22.-/Caspase 3

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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