| Low-intensity exercise enhances expression of markers of alternative activation in circulating leukocytes: roles of PPARγ and Th2 cytokines. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20723894 Owner: NLM Status: In-Process |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVE: Pharmacological activation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ is linked to numerous beneficial effects in the contexts of inflammation, lipid homeostasis, Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerosis. These beneficial effects include priming of circulating monocytes for differentiation towards an 'alternative' anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. As we have recently shown that participation in low-intensity exercise increases PPARγ expression and activity in leukocytes from previously sedentary individuals, we aimed to elucidate whether low-intensity exercise elicited a pattern of gene expression similar to that reported for M2 monocyte-macrophage differentiation. METHODS: 17 sedentary individuals undertook an 8-week low-intensity exercise programme (walking 10,000steps/day, three times/week). Changes in expression of PPARs and the PPARγ co-activators PGC-1α and PGC-1β; Th2 (IL-4; IL-10) and Th1 (IL-6) cytokines; and markers for the M2 (AMAC1, CD14, MR, IL-4) and the 'classical' pro-inflammatory M1 (MCP-1, TNFα, IL-6) phenotypes, were determined using RT-PCR (to assess leukocyte mRNA expression) and ELISA (to assess plasma cytokine levels). RESULTS: Exercise was associated with upregulation of M2 markers, PGC-1α and PGC-1β, and with downregulation of M1 markers. Moreover, plasma levels of Th2 cytokines increased after exercise, while those of Th1 cytokines decreased. However, other PPARs (PPARα; PPARβ/δ) did not undergo marked exercise-induced activation or upregulation. Thus, participation in low-intensity exercise may prime monocytes for differentiation towards an M2 macrophage phenotype via PPARγ/PGC-1α/β. CONCLUSION: Given the similarities between these effects and pharmacologically induced M2 polarisation, we propose that exercise-induced PPARγ/PGC-1α/β-mediated M2 polarisation may constitute a novel anti-inflammatory benefit of low-intensity exercise. |
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Authors:
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G Yakeu; L Butcher; S Isa; R Webb; A W Roberts; A W Thomas; K Backx; P E James; K Morris |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2010-07-16 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Atherosclerosis Volume: 212 ISSN: 1879-1484 ISO Abbreviation: Atherosclerosis Publication Date: 2010 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-10-11 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0242543 Medline TA: Atherosclerosis Country: Ireland |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 668-73 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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