Document Detail


Low-carbohydrate diets reduce lipid accumulation and arterial inflammation in guinea pigs fed a high-cholesterol diet.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19892353     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) efficiently induce weight loss and favorably affect plasma lipids, however, the effect of LCD on atherosclerosis is still argued.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of LCD on the prevention of atherosclerosis.
METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs were fed either a LCD or a low-fat diet (LFD) in combination with high-cholesterol (0.25g/100g) for 12 weeks. The percentage energy of macronutrient distribution was 10:65:25 for carbohydrate:fat:protein for the LCD, and 55:20:25 for the LFD. Plasma lipids were measured using colorimetric assays. Plasma and aortic oxidized (oxLDL) were quantified using ELISA methods. Inflammatory cytokines were measured in aortic homogenates using an immunoassay. H&E stained sections of aortic sinus and Schultz stained sections of carotid arteries were examined.
RESULTS: LDL cholesterol was lower in the LCD compared to the LFD group (71.9+/-34.8 vs. 81.7+/-26.9mg/dL; p=0.039). Aortic cholesterol was also lower in the LCD (4.98+/-1.3mg/g) compared to the LFD group (6.68+/-2.0mg/g); p<0.05. The Schultz staining method confirmed less aortic cholesterol accumulation in the LCD group. Plasma oxLDL did not differ between groups, however, aortic oxLDL was 61% lower in the LCD compared to the LFD group (p=0.045). There was a positive correlation (r=0.63, p=0.03) between oxLDL and cholesterol concentration in the aorta of LFD group, which was not observed in LCD group (r=-0.05, p=0.96). Inflammatory markers were reduced in guinea pigs from the LCD group (p<0.05) and they were correlated with the decreases in oxLDL in aorta.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LCD not only decreases lipid deposition, but also prevents the accumulation of oxLDL and reduces inflammatory cytokines within the arterial wall and may prevent atherosclerosis.
Authors:
Jose O Leite; Ryan DeOgburn; Joseph Ratliff; Randy Su; Joan A Smyth; Jeff S Volek; Mary M McGrane; Alan Dardik; Maria Luz Fernandez
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article     Date:  2009-10-12
Journal Detail:
Title:  Atherosclerosis     Volume:  209     ISSN:  1879-1484     ISO Abbreviation:  Atherosclerosis     Publication Date:  2010 Apr 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-03-26     Completed Date:  2010-06-14     Revised Date:  2011-09-02    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0242543     Medline TA:  Atherosclerosis     Country:  Ireland    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  442-8     Citation Subset:  IM    
Copyright Information:
Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Aorta / metabolism
Atherosclerosis / blood,  pathology,  prevention & control*
Cholesterol / blood*
Cholesterol, Dietary / administration & dosage*
Cytokines / metabolism
Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted*
Diet, Fat-Restricted*
Guinea Pigs
Lipids / blood*
Lipoproteins, LDL / metabolism
Male
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
R01 HL095498-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 HL095498-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Cholesterol, Dietary; 0/Cytokines; 0/Lipids; 0/Lipoproteins, LDL; 0/oxidized low density lipoprotein; 57-88-5/Cholesterol

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