| Long duration exposure to cadmium leads to increased cell survival, decreased DNA repair capacity, and genomic instability in mouse testicular Leydig cells. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19232459 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that cadmium is carcinogenic to human and experimental animals, however, the mechanism of cadmium-induced carcinogenesis is not clear. The aberrant expression of cell cycle and DNA repair genes resulting in increased cell proliferation and genomic instability are the characteristic features of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure to cadmium can perturb cell proliferation/survival and causes genomic instability in TM3 cells, a mouse testicular Leydig cell line. The results of this study revealed that short-duration exposure to lower doses of cadmium significantly increase the growth of TM3 cells, whereas, higher doses are toxic and cause cell death. The long duration exposure to higher doses of cadmium, however, results in increased cell survival and acquisition of apoptotic resistance. Gene expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, whereas decreased expression of pro-apoptotic gene Bax. Decreased expression of genes for maintenance of DNA methylation, DNMT1, and DNA repair, OGG1 and MYH, was also observed in cells exposed to cadmium for 24h. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay revealed genomic instability in cells with chronic exposure to cadmium. The findings of this study indicate that mouse testicular Leydig cells adapt to chronic cadmium exposure by increasing cell survival through increased expression of Bcl-2, and decreased expression of Bax. The increased proliferation of cells with genomic instability may result in malignant transformation, and therefore, could be a viable mechanism for cadmium-induced cancers. |
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Authors:
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Kamaleshwar P Singh; Ragini Kumari; Christina Pevey; Desiree Jackson; James W DuMond |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Date: 2009-02-15 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cancer letters Volume: 279 ISSN: 1872-7980 ISO Abbreviation: Cancer Lett. Publication Date: 2009 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-05-04 Completed Date: 2009-05-14 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7600053 Medline TA: Cancer Lett Country: Ireland |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 84-92 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Avenue, Houston, TX 77004, United States. kamaleshwar28@gmail.com |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adaptation, Physiological
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genetics Animals Apoptosis / drug effects Cadmium Chloride / toxicity* Carcinogens / toxicity* Cell Line Cell Proliferation / drug effects* Cell Shape / drug effects Cell Survival / drug effects Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / drug effects, genetics DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase / genetics DNA Glycosylases / genetics DNA Repair / drug effects* Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Genomic Instability / drug effects* Leydig Cells / drug effects*, metabolism, pathology Male Mice Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / genetics Time Factors bcl-2-Associated X Protein / genetics |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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RR03045/RR/NCRR NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Carcinogens; 0/Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; 0/bcl-2-Associated X Protein; 10108-64-2/Cadmium Chloride; EC 2.1.1.37/DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.37/DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1; EC 3.2.2.-/DNA Glycosylases; EC 3.2.2.-/Ogg1 protein, mouse |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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