| Local estrogenic/androgenic balance in the cerebral vasculature. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21535417 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Reproductive effects of sex steroids are well-known, however it is increasingly apparent that these hormones have important actions on non-reproductive tissues such as the vasculature. The latter effects can be relevant throughout the lifespan, not just limited to reproductive years, and are not necessarily restricted to one sex or the other. Our work has established that cerebral blood vessels are a non-reproductive target tissue for sex steroids. We have found that estrogen and androgens alter vascular tone, endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in cerebral vessels. Often the actions of estrogen and androgens oppose each other. Moreover, it is clear that cerebral vessels are directly targeted by sex steroids as they express specific receptors for these hormones. Interestingly, cerebral blood vessels also express enzymes that metabolize sex steroids. These findings suggest that local synthesis of 17ß-estradiol and dihydrotestosterone can occur within the vessel wall. One of the enzymes present, aromatase, converts testosterone to 17ß-estradiol, which would alter the local balance of androgenic and estrogenic influences. Thus cerebral vessels are affected by circulating sex hormones as well as locally synthesized sex steroids. The presence of vascular endocrine effector mechanisms has important implications for male-female differences in cerebrovascular function and disease. Moreover, the cerebral circulation is a target for gonadal hormones as well as anabolic steroids and therapeutic drugs used to manipulate sex steroid actions. The long-term consequences of these influences have yet to be determined. |
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Authors:
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Diana N Krause; Sue P Duckles; Rayna J Gonzales |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-5-3 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) Volume: - ISSN: 1748-1716 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 May |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-5-3 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101262545 Medline TA: Acta Physiol (Oxf) Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Scandinavian Physiological Society. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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