| Limb regeneration in higher vertebrates: developing a roadmap. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16308860 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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We review what is known about amphibian limb regeneration from the prospective of developing strategies for the induction of regeneration in adult mammals. Prominent in urodele amphibian limb regeneration is the formation of a blastema of undifferentiated cells that goes on to reform the limb. The blastema shares many properties with the developing limb bud; thus, the outgrowth phase of regeneration can be thought of as cells going through development again, i.e., redevelopment. Getting to a redevelopment phase in mammals would be a major breakthrough given our extensive understanding of limb development. The formation of the blastema itself represents a transition phase in which limb cells respond to injury by dedifferentiating to become embryonic limb progenitor cells that can undergo redevelopment. During this phase, rapid wound closure is followed by the dedifferentiation of limb cells to form the blastema. Thus, the regeneration process can be divided into a wound-healing/dedifferentiation phase and a redevelopment phase, and we propose that the interface between the wound-healing response and gaining access to developmentally regulated programs (dedifferentiation) lies at the heart of the regeneration problem in mammals. In urodele amphibians, dedifferentiation can occur in all of the tissues of the limb; however, numerous studies lead us to focus on the epidermis, the dermis, and muscle as key regulators of regeneration. Among higher vertebrates, the digit tip in mammals, including humans, is regeneration-competent and offers a unique mammalian model for regeneration. Recent genetic studies in mice identify the Msx1 gene as playing a critical role in the injury response leading to digit tip regeneration. The results from regeneration studies ranging from amphibians to mammals can be integrated to develop a roadmap for mammalian regeneration that has as its focus understanding the phenomenon of dedifferentiation. |
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Authors:
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Manjong Han; Xiaodong Yang; Gail Taylor; Carol A Burdsal; Rosalie A Anderson; Ken Muneoka |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Anatomical record. Part B, New anatomist Volume: 287 ISSN: 1552-4906 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2005 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2005-12-05 Completed Date: 2006-03-07 Revised Date: 2007-11-14 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101234289 Medline TA: Anat Rec B New Anat Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 14-24 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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(c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Affiliation:
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Developmental Biology Division of the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Cartilage / physiology Dermis / physiology Extremities / injuries, physiology* Humans Muscles / physiology Regeneration / physiology* Vertebrates / physiology* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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HD022610/HD/NICHD NIH HHS; HD043277/HD/NICHD NIH HHS |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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