| Left ventricle changes early after breath-holding in deep water in elite apnea divers. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20369649 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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PURPOSE: To study by ultrasounds cardiac morphology and function early after breath-hold diving in deep water in elite athletes. METHODS: Fifteen healthy male divers (age 28 +/- 3 years) were studied using Doppler-echocardiography, immediately before (basal condition, BC) and two minutes after breath-hold diving (40 meters, acute post-apnea condition, APAC). Each subject performed a series of three consecutive breath-hold dives (20-30 and 40 m depth). RESULTS: End-diastolic left ventricular (LV) diameter (EDD) and end-diastolic LV volume (EDV) increased significantly (p < 0.01). Stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), septal and posterior systolic wall-thickening (SWT) also significantly increased after diving (p < 0.01). No wall motion abnormalities were detected, and wall motion score index was unchanged between BC and APAC. Doppler mitral E wave increased significantly (p < 0.01), whereas the A wave was unchanged. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased significantly after diving (p < 0.05). In the factor analysis, filtering out the absolute values smaller than 0.7 in the loading matrix, it resulted that factor I consists of EDV, posterior SWT, SV and CI, factor II of diastolic blood pressure, waves A and E and factor III of heart rate and SVR. CONCLUSIONS: Systo-diastolic functions were improved in the early period after deep breath-hold diving due to favorable changes in loading conditions relative to pre-diving, namely the recruitment of left ventricular preload reserve and the reduction in afterload. |
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Authors:
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Alessandro Pingitore; Angelo Gemignani; Danilo Menicucci; Mirko Passera; Francesca Frassi; Claudio Marabotti; Andrea Piarulli; Antonio Benassi; Antonio L'Abbate; Remo Bedini |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Volume: 37 ISSN: 1066-2936 ISO Abbreviation: Undersea Hyperb Med Publication Date: 2010 Jan-Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-04-07 Completed Date: 2010-04-15 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9312954 Medline TA: Undersea Hyperb Med Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 13-21 Citation Subset: IM; S |
Affiliation:
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Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy. |
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Diving / physiology* Echocardiography, Doppler Heart Ventricles / ultrasonography* Humans Likelihood Functions Male Mitral Valve / physiology, ultrasonography Respiration Statistics, Nonparametric Stroke Volume / physiology Vascular Resistance / physiology Ventricular Function, Left / physiology* |
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