| Lead emissions from road transport in Europe: a revision of current estimates using various estimation methodologies. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19625074 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Large-scale use of leaded gasoline was an important source of the neurotoxin lead in the European environment. After a sequence of regulations on the allowed gasoline lead content and, eventually, a ban on the use of lead additives in gasoline, road transport was no longer considered a source of atmospheric lead. Currently a discrepancy exists between measured atmospheric lead concentrations and model-predicted concentrations, suggesting that lead emissions to the atmosphere may be underestimated. Recently it was suggested that lead emission from unleaded gasoline combustion is still an important source and may (partly) fill the gap between modelled and observed atmospheric lead concentrations. In this paper we assess the plausibility of the latter suggestion by following various emission estimation methodologies. The uncertainty of lead emissions from road transport is further reduced by chemical analysis of fuel samples. The result of our assessment is that lead from road transport fuel combustion is not the missing lead source needed to fill the gap between modelled and observed lead concentrations. Road transport is still a source of lead through brake wear and a small contribution from exhaust emissions but this contributes no more than 5-8% of the EU25 total emission. |
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Authors:
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Hugo Denier van der Gon; Wilfred Appelman |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2009-07-21 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Science of the total environment Volume: 407 ISSN: 1879-1026 ISO Abbreviation: Sci. Total Environ. Publication Date: 2009 Oct |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-08-12 Completed Date: 2009-10-13 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0330500 Medline TA: Sci Total Environ Country: Netherlands |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 5367-72 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Environment, Health and Safety, TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands. hugo.deniervandergon@tno.nl |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Air Pollutants
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analysis* Environmental Monitoring / methods* Europe Gasoline / analysis* Lead / analysis* Motor Vehicles* Vehicle Emissions / analysis* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Air Pollutants; 0/Gasoline; 0/Vehicle Emissions; 7439-92-1/Lead |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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