Document Detail


Latitudinal variation of immune defense and sickness behavior in the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys).
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  18255257     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
There is a general trend that parasitism risk declines as latitude increases. Host populations breeding at high latitudes should therefore invest less in costly immune defenses than populations breeding in temperate or tropical zones, although it is unknown if such an effect is mediated by environmental (photoperiodic) or genetic factors or both. Acquired immune function (humoral, cell-mediated) and behavioral sickness responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; mimics bacterial infection) were assessed in two subspecies of white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) that breed at different latitudes in western North America. Zonotrichia l. gambelii (GWCS) is a high-latitude breeder (47-68 degrees N) while Z. l. pugetensis (PWCS) breeds at temperate latitudes (40-49 degrees N). Captive males of each subspecies were acclimated to (1) a short day (non-breeding) photoperiod (8L:16D), (2) the breeding photoperiod of PWCS (16L:8D), or (3) the breeding photoperiod of GWCS (20L:4D). Photoperiod was manipulated because shorter day lengths may enhance immune function. In support of a genetic effect, humoral responses to diphtheria-tetanus vaccination were significantly higher in PWCS compared to GWCS, regardless of photoperiod. There were no differences in cell-mediated responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) between subspecies or among photoperiods. For sickness responses to LPS, a significant interaction between photoperiod and subspecies was found, with long day GWCS producing stronger sickness responses (losing more weight, eating less) than short day GWCS and PWCS on all day lengths. However, these effects were influenced by photoperiodic changes in body condition. In conclusion, we find evidence for genetic control of immune responses across latitude, but no support for environmental (photoperiodic) regulation.
Authors:
Noah T Owen-Ashley; Dennis Hasselquist; Lars Råberg; John C Wingfield
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.     Date:  2008-02-05
Journal Detail:
Title:  Brain, behavior, and immunity     Volume:  22     ISSN:  1090-2139     ISO Abbreviation:  Brain Behav. Immun.     Publication Date:  2008 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2008-04-08     Completed Date:  2008-06-04     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  8800478     Medline TA:  Brain Behav Immun     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  614-25     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Antibody Formation / immunology*
Climate
Corticosterone / blood
Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine / immunology
Female
Immunity, Cellular / immunology*
Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
Male
North America
Parasites
Photoperiod*
Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology
Sick Role
Sparrows / immunology*
Testosterone / blood
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; 0/Lipopolysaccharides; 0/Phytohemagglutinins; 50-22-6/Corticosterone; 58-22-0/Testosterone

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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