| Latent and active polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in red clover (Trifolium pratense) and use of a low PPO mutant to study the role of PPO in proteolysis reduction. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18361497 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in leaf extracts of wild type (WT) red clover and a mutant line expressing greatly reduced levels of PPO (LP red clover) has been characterized. Both latent and active forms of PPO were present, with the latent being the predominant form. PPO enzyme and substrate (phaselic acid) levels fluctuated over a growing season and were not correlated. Protease activation of latent PPO was demonstrated; however, the rate was too low to have an immediate effect following extraction. A novel, more rapid PPO activation mechanism by the enzyme's own substrate was identified. Rates of protein breakdown and amino acid release were significantly higher in LP red clover extracts compared with WT extracts, with 20 versus 6% breakdown of total protein and 1.9 versus 0.4 mg/g FW of free amino acids released over 24 h, respectively. Inclusion of ascorbic acid increased the extent of protein breakdown. Free phenol content decreased during a 24 h incubation of WT red clover extracts, whereas protein-bound phenol increased and high molecular weight protein species were formed. Inhibition of proteolysis occurred during wilting and ensilage of WT compared with LP forage (1.9 vs 5 and 17 vs 21 g/kg of DM free amino acids for 24 h wilted forage and 90 day silage, respectively). This study shows that whereas constitutive red clover PPO occurs predominantly in the latent form, this fraction can contribute to reducing protein breakdown in crude extracts and during ensilage. |
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Authors:
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Ana L Winters; Frank R Minchin; Terry P T Michaelson-Yeates; Michael R F Lee; Phillip Morris |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2008-03-25 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Volume: 56 ISSN: 0021-8561 ISO Abbreviation: J. Agric. Food Chem. Publication Date: 2008 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-04-17 Completed Date: 2008-07-09 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0374755 Medline TA: J Agric Food Chem Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 2817-24 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, United Kingdom. ana.winters@bbsrc.ac.uk |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acids
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metabolism Ascorbic Acid / pharmacology Caffeic Acids / analysis, metabolism Catechol Oxidase / analysis, genetics*, metabolism* Enzyme Activation Malates / analysis, metabolism Mutation* Peptide Hydrolases / metabolism Phenols / analysis Plant Leaves / enzymology* Seasons Silage Trifolium / enzymology*, growth & development |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amino Acids; 0/Caffeic Acids; 0/Malates; 0/Phenols; 0/phaselic acid; 50-81-7/Ascorbic Acid; EC 1.10.3.1/Catechol Oxidase; EC 3.4.-/Peptide Hydrolases |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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