Document Detail


Lack of dietary carbohydrates induces hepatic growth hormone (GH) resistance in rats.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21427215     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
GH is a well established regulator of growth, lipid, and glucose metabolism and therefore important for fuel utilization. However, little is known about the effects of macronutrients on the GH/IGF system. We used low-carbohydrate/high-fat diets (LC-HFD) as a model to study the impact of fat, protein, and carbohydrates on the GH/IGF-axis; 12-wk-old Wistar rats were fed either regular chow, a moderate, protein-matched LC-HFD, or a ketogenic LC-HFD (percentage of fat/protein/carbohydrates: chow, 16.7/19/64.3; LC-HF-1, 78.7/19.1/2.2; LC-HF-2, 92.8/5.5/1.7). After 4 wk, body and tibia length, lean body mass, and fat pad weights were measured. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of LC-HFD on 1) secretion of GH and GH-dependent factors, 2) expression and signaling of components of the GH/IGF system in liver and muscle, and 3) hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of GH release. Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-1, and IGF binding protein-3 were lower with LC-HF-1 and LC-HF-2 (P < 0.01). Both LC-HFD-reduced hepatic GH receptor mRNA and protein expression, decreased basal levels of total and phosphorylated Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling proteins and reduced hepatic IGF-I gene expression. Hypothalamic somatostatin expression was reduced only with LC-HF-1, leading to increased pituitary GH secretion, higher IGF-I gene expression, and activation of IGF-dependent signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. In contrast, despite severely reduced IGF-I concentrations, GH secretion did not increase with LC-HF-2 diet. In conclusion, lack of carbohydrates in LC-HFD induces hepatic GH resistance. Furthermore, central feedback mechanisms of the GH/IGF system are impaired with extreme, ketogenic LC-HFD.
Authors:
Maximilian Bielohuby; Mandy Sawitzky; Barbara J M Stoehr; Peggy Stock; Dominik Menhofer; Sabine Ebensing; Mette Bjerre; Jan Frystyk; Gerhard Binder; Christian Strasburger; Zida Wu; Bruno Christ; Andreas Hoeflich; Martin Bidlingmaier
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article     Date:  2011-03-22
Journal Detail:
Title:  Endocrinology     Volume:  152     ISSN:  1945-7170     ISO Abbreviation:  Endocrinology     Publication Date:  2011 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-04-22     Completed Date:  2011-07-22     Revised Date:  2011-11-02    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0375040     Medline TA:  Endocrinology     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  1948-60     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik-Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Animals
Blotting, Western
Body Composition / drug effects
Body Weight / drug effects
Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted*
Dietary Carbohydrates / administration & dosage,  pharmacology*
Dietary Fats / administration & dosage,  pharmacology
Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage,  pharmacology
Gene Expression / drug effects
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism
Growth Hormone / blood,  genetics,  metabolism*
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / blood,  genetics,  metabolism
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / genetics,  metabolism
Liver / drug effects*,  metabolism
Male
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Receptors, Somatotropin / genetics,  metabolism
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
STAT5 Transcription Factor / metabolism
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Dietary Carbohydrates; 0/Dietary Fats; 0/Dietary Proteins; 0/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; 0/Receptors, Somatotropin; 0/STAT3 Transcription Factor; 0/STAT5 Transcription Factor; 67763-96-6/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; 9002-72-6/Growth Hormone; EC 2.7.11.1/Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; EC 2.7.11.1/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; EC 2.7.11.26/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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