| Ionic determinants of exhaled breath condensate pH before and after exercise in adolescent athletes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19598280 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: The pH of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of adolescent athletes engaged in vigorous physical activity is low compared to healthy controls; however, the ionic determinants of EBC pH and the acute effects of exercise on those determinants have not been definitively established. OBJECTIVES: This study had two purposes: (1) to identify the ionic composition of EBC before and after exercise, and (2) to examine the effects of sample deaeration on EBC pH and composition. METHODS: EBC ionic composition was determined by ion chromatography and correlated with pH measured before and after deaeration. Bicarbonate concentration was calculated from the ion balance of other measured species and pH. RESULTS: EBC pH displayed a bimodal distribution, included values lower than expected for healthy individuals, and was correlated exclusively with volatile species, namely ammonia (mean concentration = 215 microM) and acetic (31.7 microM) and propionic acids (10.0 microM). Following exercise, raw EBC pH and ammonia concentration increased while propionic acid concentration fell. Following deaeration, EBC pH increased by one unit on average; however, the pH of samples with unusually low pH did not change significantly, and the concentrations of several ionic species were altered in a manner that cannot be explained in terms of volatility. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in healthy adolescents, exercise results in an acute increase in raw EBC pH in association with an increase in ammonium and a decrease in propionate concentration. Since exercise increases systemic ammonia and urea (which is hydrolyzed by oral bacteria to form ammonia), we propose that the likely source of these changes is gas-phase diffusion from epithelial and oral surface liquids and to a lesser extent, from pulmonary circulation. |
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Authors:
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Roby Greenwald; Jill M Ferdinands; W Gerald Teague |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Pediatric pulmonology Volume: 44 ISSN: 1099-0496 ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr. Pulmonol. Publication Date: 2009 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-07-28 Completed Date: 2009-10-27 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8510590 Medline TA: Pediatr Pulmonol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 768-77 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. roby.greenwald@emory.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Acetic Acid
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analysis Adolescent Ammonia / analysis Breath Tests* Carbon Dioxide / analysis Carbonates / analysis Chromatography, Ion Exchange Exercise* Exhalation Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ions / analysis Propionates / analysis |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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U48 DP000043-02/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Carbonates; 0/Ions; 0/Propionates; 124-38-9/Carbon Dioxide; 64-19-7/Acetic Acid; 7664-41-7/Ammonia |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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