Document Detail


Invited review: milk protein polymorphisms in cattle: effect on animal breeding and human nutrition.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19841193     Owner:  NLM     Status:  In-Process    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The 6 main milk proteins in cattle are encoded by highly polymorphic genes characterized by several nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations, with up to 47 protein variants identified. Such an extensive variation was used for linkage analysis with the description of the casein cluster more than 30 yr ago and has been applied to animal breeding for several years. Casein haplotype effects on productive traits have been investigated considering information on the whole casein complex. Moreover, mutations within the noncoding sequences have been shown to affect the specific protein expression and, as a consequence, milk composition and cheesemaking. Milk protein variants are also a useful tool for breed characterization, diversity, and phylogenetic studies. In addition, they are involved in various aspects of human nutrition. First, the occurrence of alleles associated with a reduced content of different caseins might be exploited for the production of milk with particular nutritional qualities; that is, hypoallergenic milk. On the other hand, the frequency of these alleles can be decreased by selection of sires using simple DNA tests, thereby increasing the casein content in milk used for cheesemaking. Furthermore, the biological activity of peptides released from milk protein digestion can be affected by amino acid exchanges or deletions resulting from gene mutations. Finally, the gene-culture coevolution between cattle milk protein genes and human lactase genes, which has been recently highlighted, is impressive proof of the nonrandom occurrence of milk protein genetic variation over the centuries.
Authors:
A M Caroli; S Chessa; G J Erhardt
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Journal of dairy science     Volume:  92     ISSN:  1525-3198     ISO Abbreviation:  J. Dairy Sci.     Publication Date:  2009 Nov 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2009-10-20     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  2985126R     Medline TA:  J Dairy Sci     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  5335-52     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia 25123, Italy. caroli@med.unibs.it
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