| Introduction of monochloramine into a municipal water system: impact on colonization of buildings by Legionella spp. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16391067 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Legionnaires' disease (LD) outbreaks are often traced to colonized potable water systems. We collected water samples from potable water systems of 96 buildings in Pinellas County, Florida, between January and April 2002, during a time when chlorine was the primary residual disinfectant, and from the same buildings between June and September 2002, immediately after monochloramine was introduced into the municipal water system. Samples were cultured for legionellae and amoebae using standard methods. We determined predictors of Legionella colonization of individual buildings and of individual sampling sites. During the chlorine phase, 19 (19.8%) buildings were colonized with legionellae in at least one sampling site. During the monochloramine phase, six (6.2%) buildings were colonized. In the chlorine phase, predictors of Legionella colonization included water source (source B compared to all others, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 23) and the presence of a system with continuously circulating hot water (aOR, 9.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 51). In the monochloramine phase, there were no predictors of individual building colonization, although we observed a trend toward greater effectiveness of monochloramine in hotels and single-family homes than in county government buildings. The presence of amoebae predicted Legionella colonization at individual sampling sites in both phases (OR ranged from 15 to 46, depending on the phase and sampling site). The routine introduction of monochloramine into a municipal drinking water system appears to have reduced colonization by Legionella spp. in buildings served by the system. Monochloramine may hold promise as community-wide intervention for the prevention of LD. |
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Authors:
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Matthew R Moore; Marsha Pryor; Barry Fields; Claressa Lucas; Maureen Phelan; Richard E Besser |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Applied and environmental microbiology Volume: 72 ISSN: 0099-2240 ISO Abbreviation: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Publication Date: 2006 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2006-01-04 Completed Date: 2006-03-01 Revised Date: 2009-11-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 7605801 Medline TA: Appl Environ Microbiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 378-83 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. matt.moore@cdc.hhs.gov |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amoeba
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isolation & purification Animals Chloramines / pharmacology* Cities Construction Materials / microbiology* Disinfectants / pharmacology* Disinfection / methods Florida Fresh Water / microbiology*, parasitology Housing Legionella / drug effects*, growth & development* Public Facilities Water Supply / standards* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Chloramines; 0/Disinfectants; 10599-90-3/chloramine |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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