| Interrelation of humoral factors, hemodynamics, and fluid and salt metabolism in congestive heart failure: effects of extracorporeal ultrafiltration. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 8420299 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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PURPOSE: We investigated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of salt and water metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Extracorporeal ultrafiltration was utilized as a nonpharmacologic method for withdrawal of body fluid. PATIENTS, METHODS, AND RESULTS: In 32 consecutive patients with CHF (New York Heart Association functional class II to IV) and different degrees of water retention, 24-hour diuresis and natriuresis were inversely best correlated with the combination of circulating renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine, and renal perfusion pressure (RPP, mean aortic pressure minus mean right atrial pressure). Fluid withdrawal (600 to 5,000 mL) at a rate of 500 mL/h, until right atrial pressure decreased to 50% of baseline, caused variable humoral, circulatory, and diuretic effects that were mainly related to the extent of fluid retention. In fact, in 10 patients (Group 1) with overhydration refractory to drug therapy and with urinary output less than 1,000 mL/24 h (mean, 370 mL), soon after the procedure, plasma renin (-39%), aldosterone (-50%), and norepinephrine (-47%) were reduced and RPP was increased (+16%), and in the subsequent 24 hours, diuresis was increased by 493%; in 9 patients (Group 2) whose baseline urinary output exceeded 1,000 mL/24 h (mean, 1,785 mL), renin increased by 40%, norepinephrine, aldosterone, and RPP each decreased by 12%, and diuresis remained unchanged; in 13 patients (Group 3) with a daily urinary excretion as in Group 2 and without overhydration, RPP decreased (-7%), renin (+196%), aldosterone (+170%), and norepinephrine (+52%) increased, and diuresis decreased by 45%. There was an overall correlation (p < 0.0001) between the combination of changes in these circulatory and hormonal variables and changes in diuresis and natriuresis with ultrafiltration. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that in CHF, (1) retention of sodium and water results from an interaction of hormonal and hemodynamic (primarily RPP) alterations that may exert a reciprocal positive feedback; (2) depending on the presence and severity of fluid retention, the response to withdrawal of body fluid may vary from neurohumoral activation and restriction of diuresis to neurohumoral depression and extreme potentiation of salt and water excretion; (3) refractory CHF requires the interruption of the humoral-hemodynamic vicious circle, and ultrafiltration is able to accomplish that. |
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Authors:
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G Marenzi; S Grazi; F Giraldi; G Lauri; G Perego; M Guazzi; A Salvioni; M D Guazzi |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The American journal of medicine Volume: 94 ISSN: 0002-9343 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Med. Publication Date: 1993 Jan |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 1993-02-05 Completed Date: 1993-02-05 Revised Date: 2007-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0267200 Medline TA: Am J Med Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 49-56 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Affiliation:
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Istituto di Cardiologia dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Aged Aldosterone / metabolism Diuresis Female Heart Failure / metabolism, physiopathology*, therapy Hemodynamics / physiology* Humans Male Middle Aged Norepinephrine / metabolism* Regression Analysis Renin / metabolism Sodium Chloride / metabolism* Ultrafiltration* / methods Water / metabolism* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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51-41-2/Norepinephrine; 52-39-1/Aldosterone; 7647-14-5/Sodium Chloride; 7732-18-5/Water; EC 3.4.23.15/Renin |
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