Document Detail


Intensive insulin therapy in the intensive care unit, hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular mortality.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  20469614     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Several studies have shown that elevated glucose concentrations in patients with acute coronary syndrome and other acute severe illnesses are associated with increased short- and long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (CVM). This has subsequently led to the use of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) to control hyperglycemia. Earlier studies have shown that the prevention of hyperglycemia in acute illness through the use of IIT reduces mortality. More recent studies have failed to confirm this benefit, and in some cases IIT was associated with increased all-cause mortality. The reason for these discrepant results is not clear, although accumulating evidence suggests that the higher prevalence of insulin-induced hypoglycemia associated with IIT may be responsible. This has led to the development of guidelines from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association, which recommend IIT for in-patient control of hyperglycemia but also add the caveat that "care should be taken to avoid hypoglycemia." Despite this advice, however, the rates of hypoglycemia in patients receiving IIT continue to be as high as 19%. Although the physiological basis for this "paradox" is unclear, hypoglycemia is considered to be a putative cause. A strong association between hypoglycemia and adverse cardiovascular events has been observed in several studies. This article will encompass the various studies that have used IIT to treat patients during acute illnesses. Furthermore, it will aim to provide a mechanistic basis for the observed association between hypoglycemia and CVM.
Authors:
Omar Rana; Christopher D Byrne; Kim Greaves
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Hospital practice (1995)     Volume:  38     ISSN:  2154-8331     ISO Abbreviation:  Hosp Pract (Minneap)     Publication Date:  2010 Apr 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2010-05-17     Completed Date:  2010-05-28     Revised Date:  2010-06-18    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  101268948     Medline TA:  Hosp Pract (Minneap)     Country:  United States    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  59-66     Citation Subset:  AIM; IM    
Affiliation:
St. Richard's Hospital, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology,  mortality*,  prevention & control
Cause of Death
Coronary Disease / complications
Critical Illness / mortality,  therapy*
Humans
Hyperglycemia / complications,  prevention & control
Hypoglycemia / chemically induced,  complications*,  epidemiology,  prevention & control
Hypoglycemic Agents* / adverse effects,  therapeutic use
Insulin* / adverse effects,  therapeutic use
Intensive Care / methods*
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Prognosis
Research Design
Risk Factors
Survival Rate
Treatment Outcome
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Hypoglycemic Agents; 11061-68-0/Insulin

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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